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Biology Unit 1

Elements, Molecules, Bio-molecules, etc.

TermDefinition
Atom the most basic unit of matter
Element a pure substance that cannot be broken down further
Molecule a group of atoms bonded together
Compound a chemical substance composed of different atoms/elements.
Atomic Number the number of protons in an atom (determines its chemical properties)
Mass Number total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
Atomic Weight the mass of an atom
Valence Electron the outermost layer of electrons, determined by the group number
Electron a subatomic particle with a negative charge
Proton a subatomic particle with a positive charge
Neutron a subatomic particle with a neutral charge
Isotope different species of the same atom (neutron difference)
Radioisotope an isotope that is radioactive
Electron Configuration the arrangement of electrons throughout the atom
Bond 2 atoms or elements joined together
Polar Bond A covalent bond where the electrons bonded are unequally distributed
Non-polar Bond A covalent bond where the electrons are equally shared among the atoms
Hydrogen Bond A weak bond between a proton and an electro-negative atom (example: water)
Solvent A substance that can dissolve a solute, results in a solution
Solution A homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more substances
Solute A substance dissolved in another substance (the solvent)
Hydrophobic fails to mix with water
Hydrophilic Easily dissolved by water
Amino Acid An organic compound that contains carboxyl and an amino (found in proteins)
Nucleotide A compound consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate group (example: DNA)
Peptide Bond A covalent chemical bond linking alpha amino acids
Lipid An organic compound derived of fatty acids, Insoluble in water, but soluble in organic substances
Saturated Fat A type of fat where the fatty acid chains all have single bonds
Specific heat (water) Highest specific heat (how much heat one gram of the substance can take before changing its temperature by 1 degree Celsius) of all liquids. 4.814 joules (1 calorie).
Saccaride sugar
Created by: rbrown9324
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