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Biology Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | smallest functional unit of everything |
| Element | atoms of all the same size and number of protons |
| Molecule | a group of atoms stuck together through chemical bonds. smallest particle of a compound is a molecule |
| Compound | a substance that consists of two or more elements in a unique composition |
| Atomic Number | is the number of protons in an element |
| Mass Number | number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
| Atomic mass/weight | its total mass and is typically expressed in atomic mass units |
| Valence Electron | the electrons in the outer most shell |
| Electron | the negatively charged particles of atom |
| Proton | the positively charged particles |
| Neutron | a particle without an electrical charge. One of the building blocks of the nucleus of the atom. a neutron has about the same mass as a proton |
| Isotope | various forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons |
| Radioisotope | several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays |
| Electron Configuration | the arrangement of the electrons in an atom |
| Bond | the sharing of electrons |
| Polar Bond | when two bonded atoms share electrons unequally |
| Nonpolar Bond | form between two atoms that share their electrons equally |
| Hydrogen Bond | a weak chemical bond between an electronegative atom |
| Solvent | a molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules, known as solutes |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture of solvent and solute molecules |
| Solute | substance that can be dissolved by a solvent to create a solution |
| Hydrophobic | means “the fear of water”. Hydrophobic liquids will separate from water. |
| Hydrophilic | molecule or substance is attracted to water |
| Amino acid | the monomers that make up proteins |
| Nucleotide | the basic building block of nucleic acids |
| Peptide bond | a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water |
| Lipid | nonpolar molecule that includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| Saturated fat | fat with a chemical nature in which the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms and do not contain double bonds between carbon atoms |
| Saccharide | the unit structure of carbohydrates. |
| Specific heat (water) | is defined as the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius |
Created by:
andreabutron
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