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Unit One Vocabulary

Honors Biology Unit One Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Atom The smallest unit of matter.
Element A natural resource that cannot be broken down.
Molecule A group of two or more atoms that create a substance.
Compound Two or more elements combined that create a new substance
Atomic Number A number that shows how many protons/electrons are in an atom of that element.
Mass Number A number that shows the mass of an atom of that element.
Atomic Weight The mass of an atom of a specific element.
Valence Electron An electron in the atom's outer shell.
Electron A negatively charged ion, located in the atom's electron cloud.
Proton A positively charged ion, located in the atom's nucleus.
Neutron A neutral ion, located in the atom's nucleus.
Isotope Two or more forms of the same element that have different amounts of neutrons and atomic masses.
Radioisotope A radioactive form (isotope) of an element.
Electron Configuration Where the electrons are configured around the nucleus.
Bond The ability of two elements to stick together.
Polar Bond A covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons are not equally distributed, causing the molecule to have side that is slightly positively charged, and one that is slightly negatively charged.
Nonpolar Bond A bond between two atoms that occurs when the atoms share electrons with each other. The two atoms are then stuck together, forming a molecule.
Hydrogen Bond A weak bond between two molecules due to electrostatic attraction.
Solvent A substance that is able to dissolve other substances.
Solution A substance dissolved in another substance.
Solute A substance that is able to be dissolved in water.
Hydrophobic Is not able to be mixed with water.
Hydrophilic Is able to be mixed with water.
Amino Acid Small units that make up proteins.
Nucleotide Small units that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA
Peptide Bond A type of covalent bond that creates a protein and usually occurs between amino acids.
Lipid Organic compounds that are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents. These are usually in the forms of oils, waxes, and steroids.
Saturated Fat A type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have mostly single bonds.
Saccharide Also known as carbohydrates or sugar.
Specific Heat The heat required per mass unit to raise a substance by one degree celsius.
Created by: aevans8648
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