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Unit One Vocabulary
Honors Biology Unit One Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter. |
| Element | A natural resource that cannot be broken down. |
| Molecule | A group of two or more atoms that create a substance. |
| Compound | Two or more elements combined that create a new substance |
| Atomic Number | A number that shows how many protons/electrons are in an atom of that element. |
| Mass Number | A number that shows the mass of an atom of that element. |
| Atomic Weight | The mass of an atom of a specific element. |
| Valence Electron | An electron in the atom's outer shell. |
| Electron | A negatively charged ion, located in the atom's electron cloud. |
| Proton | A positively charged ion, located in the atom's nucleus. |
| Neutron | A neutral ion, located in the atom's nucleus. |
| Isotope | Two or more forms of the same element that have different amounts of neutrons and atomic masses. |
| Radioisotope | A radioactive form (isotope) of an element. |
| Electron Configuration | Where the electrons are configured around the nucleus. |
| Bond | The ability of two elements to stick together. |
| Polar Bond | A covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons are not equally distributed, causing the molecule to have side that is slightly positively charged, and one that is slightly negatively charged. |
| Nonpolar Bond | A bond between two atoms that occurs when the atoms share electrons with each other. The two atoms are then stuck together, forming a molecule. |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak bond between two molecules due to electrostatic attraction. |
| Solvent | A substance that is able to dissolve other substances. |
| Solution | A substance dissolved in another substance. |
| Solute | A substance that is able to be dissolved in water. |
| Hydrophobic | Is not able to be mixed with water. |
| Hydrophilic | Is able to be mixed with water. |
| Amino Acid | Small units that make up proteins. |
| Nucleotide | Small units that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA |
| Peptide Bond | A type of covalent bond that creates a protein and usually occurs between amino acids. |
| Lipid | Organic compounds that are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents. These are usually in the forms of oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Saturated Fat | A type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have mostly single bonds. |
| Saccharide | Also known as carbohydrates or sugar. |
| Specific Heat | The heat required per mass unit to raise a substance by one degree celsius. |
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