Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MODULE 9
Module 9 Heredity and Genetics Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Also called selective breeding, selecting organisms with desired traits to breed producing offspring with the desired characteristics | Artificial Selection |
| A scientific field that uses technology to purposefully change living things | Biotechnology |
| The process of using egg cells from an individual to produce a new organism | Cloning |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic information in the cells of all living things | DNA |
| Using technology to alter or change an organism's genes, adding genes to or removing genes from an existing set of DNA | Genetic engineering |
| A variation of a specific gene that is coded in proteins and that, when joined with another allele, determines a trait | Allele |
| The creation of offspring involving one parent | Asexual Reproduction |
| Location where two sister chromatids join to create a paired chromosome | Centromere |
| One of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at a centromere | Chromatid |
| Strands of DNA containing multiple genes; structures containing all the genetic information needed to make new cells | Chromosomes |
| A gene that will be expressed if a living thing inherits at least one dominant allele for a given trait | Dominant |
| The specific genetic makeup of an individual, which cannot be observed | Genotype |
| Proteins that make up DNA and include adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine | Nucleotides |
| A large oval structure that controls all of a cell's activities | Nucleus |
| Any organized or specialized structure within a living cell | Organelle |
| Observable traits that are expressed in an organism's physical appearance | Phenotype |
| A gene that will be expressed if a living thing inherits both recessive alleles for a given trait | Recessive |
| The creation of offspring involving two parents | Sexual Reproduction |
| Traits that are neither dominant nor recessive but are a combined variation of both | Co-dominant |
| A tool used to track inherited traits from one generation to the next | Pedigree chart |
| Traits that are determined by more than one gene | Polygenic traits |
| A tool used to predict the probability of possible phenotypes of offspring when the genotypes of the parents are known | Punnett Square |
| Traits that are found on chromosomes that are unique to one sex; either male or female | Sex-linked traits |
| The third stage in mitosis, when the duplicated chromosomes move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell | Anaphase |
| Occurs when DNA is copied and a cell divided to create new cells that are identical to the original | Binary Fission |
| Creates a full set of genetically identical DNA as an attachment that later breaks off, creating a new, genetically identical organism | Budding |
| The division of cytoplasm during mitosis | Cytokinesis |
| New cell that results from any cellular division | Daughter cell |
| A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent | Diploid |
| Occurs when a piece of an organism breaks off and grows into a fully functioning organism that is genetically identical to the original | Fragmentation |
| Sex cells like sperm and eggs | Gametes |
| A cell that has half as many chromosomes as the parent cell | Haploid |
| The resting phase of the cell cycle, during which the chromosomes may replicate in preparation for cellular division | Interphase |
| The process of cell division that divides a cell into four new daughter cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell; this process creates gametes, or sex cells | Meiosis |
| The second stage in mitosis, when the duplicated chromosomes attach to the spindle fibers and line up along the center of the cell | Metaphase |
| The process of cellular division in eukaryotes that creates two identical daughter cells | Mitosis |
| The original cell duplicates its genetic material and divides to create two new, identical daughter cells | Parent cell |
| The first stage of mitosis, when the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes | Prophase |
| The final stage of mitosis, when the separated chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells form around the two sets of chromosomes, creating two new daughter cells | Telophase |
Created by:
shguidry
Popular Science sets