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MODULE 5
Module 5 Matter and Energy Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Classification | separating living organisms into groups based on their common characteristics |
| Decomposer | organisms that break down organic matter |
| Ecosystem | the biotic (living) organisms in an environment that includes the abiotic (nonliving) components |
| Food chain | a series of organisms that consume one another, allowing the energy and nutrients to flow from one to the next |
| Food web | a network of interconnected food chains |
| Organism | an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form |
| Primary consumer | herbivores that eat producers |
| Producer | also called autotrophs, organisms that produce their own food using inorganic compounds and an energy source like the sun |
| Secondary consumer | carnivores or omnivores that consume primary consumers and/or producers |
| Trophic level | refers to each level in an ecosystem comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy |
| Linnaean taxonomy | a modern system of classification used to organize living things |
| Domain | highest taxonomic rank of organisms in the three-domain system of taxonomy based on genetics designed by Carl Woese, an American microbiologist and biophysicist |
| Genetics | the science of heredity, dealing with similarities and differences in related organisms resulting from the interaction of their genes and the environment |
| Kingdom | the highest classification into which living organisms are grouped in Linnaean taxonomy |
| Species | organisms that are like each other and can reproduce and produce fertile offspring together |
| Chemical energy | the energy stored in the bonds of an atom |
| Electrical energy | the energy in the movement of electrons |
| Energy | the ability to perform work on or cause change in things |
| Gravitational energy | the energy of place or position; the higher an object is above sea level, the more gravitational energy it has |
| Kinetic energy | the energy of motion |
| Law of conservation of energy | law that states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can be transferred from one object to another or transformed to different forms |
| Mechanical energy | energy that is either stored as potential or due to motion as kinetic |
| Nuclear energy | the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| Potential energy | stored energy that an object has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition |
| Radiant energy | electromagnetic energy (light energy) that travels in waves outward from a source |
| Scientific model | a representation to help us better understand ideas about real-world systems |
| Sound energy | the movement of energy through particles or substances in waves producing a sound |
| Thermal (heat) energy | the internal energy of substances caused by the movement of atoms or molecules |
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shguidry
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