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Chapter 4
chapter 4.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Membrane transport has 2 main categories | Active and Passive |
| Describe Active membrane transport | Needs to use energy and the solute is being moved up its concentration gradient |
| Describe Passive membrane transport | Does not require energy and uses kinetic energy for molecules to move down its concentration gradient |
| The 2 Passive processes of passive membrane transport | Osmosis and Diffusion |
| The 2 types of Diffusion | Simple diffusion and Facilitated diffusion |
| The 2 types of Facilitated diffusion | Channel Mediated and Carrier Mediated |
| The 2 Active Processes of Active membrane transport | Active transport and Vesicle transport |
| The 2 types of Active transport | Primary active transport and Secondary active transport |
| The 2 types of Secondary active transport | Symport- two substances moving in the same direction Antiport - two substances moving in the opposite direction |
| The 2 types of Vesicle transport | Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
| The 3 types of Endocytosis | Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor mediated endocytosis |
| Characteristics of molecules that can move by simple diffusion | Small and Non Polar, like 02,C02, small fatty acids,ethanol and urea |
| Characteristics of molecules that move by facilitated diffusion | Small charge ions and polar molecules, must use channel or carrier transport proteins |
| Exchange Pumps transport _____ Na+ ions OUT while transporting ____ K+ inons IN to the cell | 3 Na+ out while 2 K+ come IN |
| Peripheral Proteins characteristics | Can float about the plasma membrane, can serve as enzymes and are attached loosely to cell membrane |
| Functions of the Smooth ER | Metabolize carbohydrates, Make lipids, Detox Alcohol and transport and store Lipids |
| Plasma Membrane is made up of what 3 Lipids | Phospholipid , Cholesterol, Glycolipids |
| Chromosomes become visible at what point | During Mitosis |
| Chromatin is | Composed of a finely filamented mass of DNA and Protein |
| Nucleosome are | DNA double helix wound around a cluster of Histones |
| What types of RNA are produced during transcription | tRNA, mRNA, rRNA |
| Function of the Promoter during transcription | Serves as the starting point of a gene, and is the part that the RNA Polymerase will recognize |
| What is required for translation | Ribosome , tRNA, mRNA and Amino Acid |
| When water is pushing on the surface, it exerts what pressure | Hydrostatic Pressure |
| When water exerts pressure as it moves across a semi permeable membrane , that pressure is called what | Osmotic Pressure |
| Glycocalyx | Communicates to other cells by contact , is on the plasma membrane |
| Cytoskeletons 3 filaments | Microfilament, Microtubules. and Intermediate Filament |
| What items are needed for transcription | Ribonucleotides, RNA polymerase, and DNA |
| 2 ways cells die | Chemical / Mechanical issues or Apoptosis |
| Microtubules are composed of what protein | Tubulin |
| Microfilaments are composed of what protein | Actin |
| Desmosome junctions are reinforced by what | Intermediate Filaments |
| 3 Parts of the cytoplasm | Cytosol, Inclusions, and the Organelles |
| Bound Ribosomes are involved in what actions | Make proteins to serve as enzymes for Lysosomes , Make Intergal proteins for plasma membrane, Make proteins for export |
| Who is in the Endomembrane System | Both Endoplasmic Reticulums. Golgi, Lysosomes, Periosomes,Vesicles, Plasma Membrane and the Nuclear Envelope |
| Types of Channel Mediated Diffusion | Leak and Gated diffusion, both are specific to one type of ion |
| A steeper gradient makes what happen to Osmotic Pressure | Osmotic Pressure becomes greater |
| Characteristics of Carrier Mediated | Needs a substance to bind to it , the protein then changes shape in order to move the molecule down its concentrated gradient |
| Characteristics of the Channel Linked Receptor | Gated channel that needs a Ligand to bind to it, in order to open the gate and let ions pass |
| Enzymatic Receptor | Is with Direct influence with the enzyme kinase and phosphate |
| G Receptor | Is Not in Direct influence with the phosphate action |
| Nucleotides are made up of | Phosphate , a 5 carbon Sugar either a Ribose or Deoxyribose, and 1 of the 4 Nitrogenous bases (U,G,A,C) or(T,G,A,C) |
| DNA complimentary pairs are | T = A and C = G |
| RNA complimentary pair to DNA | U = A and C= G |
| Nucleic acids are "NA"'s | DNA, RNA , tRNA, mRNA |
| Nucleotides are defined as | Nucleic Acid Monomers |
| Where does the Peptide Bond form | The Carboxyl Group and the Amine Group of 2 amino acids and is formed by Dehydration Synthesis |
Created by:
scones and joe
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