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chapter 2
Chemistry Ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Phosphodiester Bond | DNA, bond that forms between the phosphate of one nucleotide monomer to the sugar of an adjacent nucleotide monomer in the process of forming a polymer |
| Surfactant | Substance that dissolves in water to decrease the surface tension of water. helpful in the Lungs |
| 6 carbon sugars monosaccharides (hexose) | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose |
| 5 carbon sugar monosaccharides (pentose) | Ribose and Deoxyribose |
| 6 carbon sugars disaccharides | Sucrose, Lactose . Maltose |
| Another name for disaccharides | Dimers, |
| Composion of Dimers | Sucrose.Lactose and Maltose are composed of a Glucose monosaccharide bonded to another hexose monosacchride |
| Three or more monosacchrides are | polysacchrides |
| When glucose is formed into a polysacchride for the purpose of storage in the liver or muscle tissue , this structure is known as | Glycogen |
| The term used for the process of forming glycogen | Glycogenesis |
| The term used for the process of breaking down glycogen | Glycogenelysis |
| The term use for the liver producing Glucose from Non Carbohydrates like fats and proteins | Glyconeogenesis |
| CH20 | Carbohydrate : hexose has 6 and pentose has 5 |
| Nitrogenous bases for RNA | UGAC : Uracil, Guanine, Adenine, Cytosine |
| Nitrogenous bases for DNA | TGAC : Thymine, Guanine , Adenine, Cytosine |
| Chemical formula of DNA | Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar and one of its Nitrogenous bases, ( Thymine,Guanine,Adenine or Cytosine) |
| What is the job of the Nucleic Acid | Storage and Expression of genetic materials |
| Chemical formula of RNA | Phosphate group, Ribose sugar and one of its Nitrogenous bases (Uracil,Guanine,Adenine, or Cytosine) |
| What are the monomers of Proteins | Amino Acids |
| The 4 Lipids : PETS | Phospholipids, Eicosanoids, Triglycerides and Steroids , and are water insoluble |
| Chemical formula of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Triphosphate group, Ribose sugar and the Nitrogenous base Adenine |
| Chemical formula of an Amino Acid | Amine group, a single Carbon attached to a Hydrogen , Carboxyl group and 1 of the 20 R group |
| Two characteristics that define an Amino Acid | R group and being polar, non polar, charged or special function |
| Amino Acids Polar R groups characteristics are | Contain other elements added to the Hydrogen and carbons in their group, are Hydrophilic |
| Amino Acids Non Polar groups characteristics are | Contains either Hydrogen or Hydrocarbons in their group, and are Hydrophobic and bond by Hydrophobic interactions with other non polar amino acids |
| Amino Acids Charged groups characteristics are | Have either a negative or a positive charge, and are Hydrophilic |
| DNA complimentary Nitrogenous bases | T to A ; Thymine to Adenine and C to G ; Cytosine to Guanine |
| Isomers are | Having the same chemical formula but a different chemical structure |
| Isotopes are | Atoms having the same number of Protons and Electrons but a different amount of Neutrons |
| What causes isotopes to be unstable | Having an excess of Neutrons |
| Measure of Particles in a solution | Osmoles; Osmolality is in kilograms of solution and Osmolarity is in Liters of solution. This is relevant to water movement by Osmosis |
| HCO3- | Bicarbonate |
| Acids do what with Protons (H+) | Donate |
| Bases Receive what from Acids | Protons (H+) |
| Hydrophobic interactions occur by what type of charge | dipole to dipole. a temporary unequal distribution of electrons |
| Cohesion is | The attraction between water molecules |
| Adhesion is | The attraction of water to substances other than water |
| Surface tension is | The inward pulling of the water molecules at the surface |
| Adding H+ to a neutral solution makes it | More Acidic |
| Buffers help prevent changes by doing what | Releasing and Absorbing Hydrogen ions (H+) |
| The 4 major classes of Organic Biological Macromolecules | Lipids, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids , and Proteins |
| A diverse Carbon skeleton with a Functional Group attached is | A Biological Macromolecule |
| How are the biological macromolecules formed and digested | By Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis |
| Out of the biological macromolecules, which one can not form a polymer | Lipids |
| Triglycerides are composed of what | A Glycerol and three fatty acids, Glycerol , 3 fatty acids |
| Phospholipids are composed of what | A Glycerol and two fatty acids, a Glycerol , 2 fatty acids , and a phosphate functional group , and some organic groups attached |
| Cholesterol is a form of what | Steroids |
Created by:
scones and joe
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