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LT 1b: Cell Parts
Define and provide analogies for cell organelles.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The most basic unit of life that can perform all processes necessary to life. |
| Unicellular | An organism made of just one cell (ex: bacteria, yeast, most protists). |
| Multicellular | An organism made of many cells (ex: plants, animals, most fungi). |
| Prokaryotic | No nucleus - genetic material (DNA) is free floating in the cytoplasm. Includes all bacteria. |
| Eukaryotic | Genetic material (DNA) is enclosed in a nucleus and there are many organelles. Includes all fungi, plants, animals, and protists. |
| Organelles | Small structures in a cells cytoplasm that is specialized to do a specific job. Different types of cells can contain different organelles. |
| Nucleus | Contains all the genetic material (DNA) in eukaryotic cells and controls most of the activities in the cell. |
| Chromosomes | Coils of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. |
| Nucleus | Analogies: Project Manager, Principal of a School, General in the Army |
| Cell Membrane | Outer border that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell. This organelle holds the contents of the cell together. |
| Cell Membrane | Analogies: Screen Door, Pasta Strainer, Fence |
| Cell Wall | Found in plant, fungi, and bacteria cells, but NEVER IN ANIMAL CELLS. This organelle provides protection and support. |
| Cytoplasm | Clear fluid inside cells that holds the organelles and helps to move materials around in the cell. Chemical reactions occur here. |
| Mitochondria | This organelle uses oxygen to break down food molecules to create energy called ATP. Muscle cells have the most of this organelle because they need more energy to move your body. It is the powerhouse of the cell. |
| Chloroplasts | ONLY IN PLANT CELLS - collects energy from the sun to perform photosynthesis to make sugar (glucose) for plants. This organelle gives plants their green color. |
| Lysosomes | Contains digestive enzymes used to break down old cell parts and digest invaders. |
| Ribosomes | Transports materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleus; may be free floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum - MAKING PROTEINS IS THEIR MOST IMPORTANT JOB. |
| Vacuoles | Plant cells have a large one that stores water. Animal cells have several smaller ones that store food, water, and/or waste. |
| Cell Wall | Analogies: Brick Walls, Castle Walls |
| Vacuoles | Analogies: Refrigerators, Storage Unit, Water Tower |
| Cytoplasm | Analogies: Air surrounding us, Water in the pool when you go swimming, Egg White |
| Chloroplasts | Analogies: Solar Panels, Ovens |
| Ribosomes | Analogies: Worker Bees, Construction workers at a building site |
| Lysosomes | Analogies: Garbage Truck, Garbage Disposal |
| Mitochondria | Analogies: Power Plant, Generator |
Created by:
mrsbrownsc
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