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chemistry section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemistry is - | the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. |
| All the stuff in the universe is _______. | matter |
| Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation is _______ to plants and animals. | harmful or damaging |
| Increased levels of a type of radiation called ________, can cause cataracts, and _______ (1 or 2 other examples.) | 1. UVB 2. skin cancer in humans, lower crop yields, and disrupted food chains in nature. |
| Living creatures have _______ in the presence of UVB, and cells have some ability to _______ themselves when exposed to _______ levels of UVB | 1. evolved 2. repair 3. low |
| Scientists believe when UVB reaches a certain level, an organism ______ ______, and will _____. | 1. can't cope 2. die |
| Organisms on Earth can live because of they are protected from _____ levels of UVB by the _______ layer. | 1. high 2. ozone |
| Ozone is made up of ______. | oxygen |
| ozone is a substance in the atmosphere, more importantly the ________, that absorbs most harmful _________ before it reaches Earth's surface. | 1. Stratosphere 2. Radiation 3. |
| list the levels of the atmosphere from least to greatest. 1,2,3,4,5 | 1. troposphere (0-10 km) 2. Stratosphere (10-50 km) 3. Mesosphere (50-85 km) 4. Thermosphere (85-500km) 5. Exosphere (500km+) |
| substance/ chemical are- | is matter that has a definite and uniform composition. |
| about _____ percent of Earth's ozone is spread out in a layer that _______ and _______ our planet. | 1. 90 2. surrounds and protects |
| When _________ gas (O2) is exposed to ultraviolet radiation in the _______ region of the stratosphere _______ (____) is formed. | 1. oxygen 2. upper ozone (O3) |
| Molecules of oxygen are made of ______ ______ particles. | 1. two smaller |
| The ______ of the radiation breaks the oxygen into _______ oxygen particles. | 1. energy 2. individual |
| the individuall oxygen particles interact with _____ to form _____. | 1. O2 2. O3 |
| Ozone can _______ radiation and _______ _____ to reform oxygen gas. Thus there tends to be a _______ between oxygen gas and ozone levels in the stratosphere. | 1. absorb 2. break apart 3. balance |
| _____ ________ in the stratosphere move ozone around Earth. | 1. Air currents |
| Ozone forms ______ the _______ where the rays of sunlight are the ___________ and then flows towards the _______. | 1. over the equator 2. strongest 3. poles |
| Ozone makes a convenient marker to follow the _____ of _____ in the stratosphere. | 1. flow of air |
| Dobson began _______ the ________ of ozone in the atmosphere in the 1920s. | 1. measuring the amount |
| Ozone is formed in the _______ regions of the stratosphere, but most of it is stored in the ________ regions of the stratosphere. | 1. higher 2. lower |
| Ozone can be measured in the ________ stratosphere by ________(list 2 ways.) | 1. lower 2. instruments on the ground, balloons, satellites, and rockets. |
| Dobson's measurements established the normal amount of ozo | 1. 300 Dobson Units or (DU) |
| Between 1891 and 1893 an study monitoring the atmosphere above Antartica, they found ozone levels as _____ as ______ DU, especially during the Antarctic Spring in October. | 1. low 2. 160 DU |
| In October 1895 there as a confirmed _____ in the amount of ozone in the stratosphere, concluding that the ozone layer was _________ | 1. decrease 2. thinning |
| the ozone hole is not actually a hole, but just _______ in the ozone layer. | 1. thinning |
| Mass produced refrigerators originally used _______ ______ as coolants. | 1. toxic gases |
| _________ _________ Junior synthesized the first ________________ in 1928 | 1. Thomas Midgley Junior 2. Chloroflourocarbons (CFC) |
| A Chloroflourocarbons (CFC) is a substance that consists of ____________, _______, and __________ | chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. |
| All CFCs are _______ in _______ and don't ______ naturally | 1. made 2. labs. 3. occur |
| CFCs are ________ and stable, and seemed to be ideal ______ for refrigerators | 1. nontoxic 2. coolants |
| stable substances- | don' t readily react with other substances |
| CFCs were also used in (list at least two of the things they are used in) | 1. plastic foams and propellants in spray cans. |
| Scientists began to ______ CFCs in the _______ in the 1970s and _________ every year. | 1. notice 2. atmosphere. 3. increased. |
| Scientists began to notice that as ______ CFCs were found in the atmosphere the amount of ozone ________. | 1. more 2. decreased. |
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