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Intro to computer
Introduction to computer Notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Personal Computer (PC) | A computer designed for general use by a single person. |
| Light-Emitting Diode (LED) | Semiconductor light source used in various applications; in the world of computers, LED technology is used to make optical mouse's and LED displays |
| Touchpad | computer pointing device which takes advantage of a tactile sensor to detect a user’s finger movement |
| Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) | thin, light electronic display which employs the light modulating properties of liquid crystals |
| Universal Serial Bus (USB) connector | interface designed to connect computer and peripheral devices, such as printers, mouse's, keyboards, USB flash drives and xternal hard drives |
| Motherboard | main circuit board inside personal computers which holds the majority of computer components and provides connectors for peripherals |
| Central Processing Unit (CPU) | microprocessor which calculates all the data going through a personal computer |
| Clock Rate | common measurement of CPU speed; tells how fast the CPU can process data; the higher the clock rate, the faster the CPU |
| Megahertz (MHz) | unit of measurement of CPU clock rate; one megahertz refers to a clock rate of one million cycles per second |
| Gigahertz (GHz) | unit of measurement of CPU clock rate; one gigahertz refers to a clock rate of one billion cycles per second |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | type of computer memory, which temporarily stores computer information such as the operating system, application programs and data so they can be immediately accessed by the CPU |
| Binary Digit (Bit) | smallest unit of computer storage capacity |
| Read-Only Memory (ROM) | type of computer memory which stores the Basic Input/output System (BIOS); data stored in ROM cannot be changed |
| Basic Input/output System (BIOS) | built-in program which initializes computer hardware and launches the operating system when the computer starts |
| Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) | type of cable inside the computer connecting the mother board and internal storage devices, such as the hard drive, CD- or DVD-ROM |
| Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) | pre-pressed compact disc storage in which data can only be accessed, not modified |
| Digital Video Disc Read-Only Memory (DVD-ROM) | high capacity optical disc storage, in which data can only be read, not written |
| Driver | computer program allowing the computer to communicate with a hardware device |
| Power supply | computer hardware converting alternating current or AC electric power to a low-voltage power for the internal components of the computer |
| Hard drive | main storage device of a computer; commonly referred as an internal device and used to permanently store data |
| External Hard Drive | removable hard drive located outside of the main computer owner |
| Input Device | any piece of computer hardware used to provide data to the computer |
| Output Device | any piece of computer hardware used to communicate the data processed by the computer |
| Monitor | any piece of computer hardware used to communicate the data processed by the computer |
| Digital Visual Interface (DVI) | digital interface used to connect a video source to a display device |
| High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) | video and audio interface transmitting digital data between the high-definition monitors and the computer |
| Ethernet Cable | cord connecting the computer to the Internet |
| Power Cord | cable connecting the computer to the electrical supply; aids in delivering electrical power to the main computer |
| Power Connector | cable inside the computer connecting the power supply to the internal devices |
| Storage Device Cable | cable inside the computer transferring data between the mother board and storage devices |
| Surge Protector | appliance designed to protect computer electronics from electrical damage |
| Hardware | physical parts of a computer, such as the hard drive, video card, monitor and other substantial computer parts |
| Software | set of computer programs designed to enable computers to accomplish certain tasks; major types of software include programming software, system software and application software |
| Defragmentation | software maintenance process which reduces the amount of fragmentation between files |
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