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REHS District 4
All Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Treatment of individuals with communicable diseases is administered primarily to... | Protect contacts in the community |
| A disease that us resent constantly to some degree and may flare up at times is best described as... | Endemic |
| Swimmer's itch is a colloquial term for.... | cutaneous schistosomiasis |
| The bacterial contamination of oysters and shellfish is increasing due to what primary factor? | an increase of dumping of municipal wastewater into coastal waters. |
| Name a foodbourne illness caused by a helminth | trichinosis |
| A PROTOZOAN disease that has been demonstrated to spread through drinking water. | giardiasis |
| What is the most practical method to employ in the prevention of ancylostomiasis (hookworm) in a rural area? | Wear shoes |
| A genera of mosquito o normally found in the United States. | Mansonia |
| The word Pathogen is best defined as... | an organism able to produce disease in humans |
| Brucellosis (Undulant fever, Malta fever, Mediterranean fever, Bangs disease) is not caused by | Brucelle verona |
| Untreated surface disposal of residential sewage is most likely to be the cause of... | hepatitis |
| Bacterial growth in foods is time and temperature dependent. The danger zone for bacterial growth is ____ degrees Fahrenheit. | 45-140 |
| Under optimal summer temperatures, maturation times of fly eggs to adults? | 7-10 days |
| Disease that is transmitted through rodent urine and subsequently through food and water. | leptospirosis |
| ___ are the most important contributors to community wide noise. | Motor Vehicles |
| Carbon monoxide is a by-product of incomplete coombustion and is a known toxic gas. Its MOST important accute health effect is as a(n)... | myocardial toxin |
| Damage to cells by radiation is... | not irreparable |
| Best example of non-ionizing radiation. | Microwaves |
| Rocky mountain spoted fever caused by... | ticks |
| The greatest amount of sulfur oxide emissions is accounted for by ____ as a source category. | coal combustion |
| Methamoglobinemia is associated with an excess of _____ in drinking water and foods. | Nitrates |
| Which foreign substances constitute the MOST signifigant health hazards to consumers in milk? | pesticides and antibiotics |
| The decibel (dB) is defined as? | The logarithm of the ratio between a particular sound pressure and the lowest decibel pressure |
| Endemic typhus fever is passed on to humans through... | feces and fleas |
| In an occupational setting the most significant route of entry of toxic agents affecting the human body is the _____. | respiratory system |
| It is not possible for children to contract lead poisoning through... | inhaling paint vapors. |
| The decrease in incident of infectious disease in humans is due mostly to ____ rather than artificial immunization. | Environmental Sanitation |
| 5 basic types of isolation for infection control are... | Enteric, Respiratory, Strict, Wound & Skin, and Protective |
| The most irreparable consequence of poor sanitary landfill management is... | Groundwater contamination |
| In general, the most economically feasible method of refuse disposal is... | Sanitary landfilling |
| Communicable disease control measures aimed at pathogenic organisms are difficult because because... | pathogenic organisms seldom exist in the free state. |
| The isolation of of infected persons for the period of communicability under conditions designed to prevent the spread of disease is known as... | quarentine |
| What is the most important method used to prevent mechanical transmissions of disease by domestic flies? | Proper water collection and disposal methods. |
| The annular space between the casing in the drilled or dug hole of a well must be... | filled with cement grout so it is watertight |
| The least acceptable form of substitution to control a hazard in the work environment is the substitution of ... | an employee |
| In restaurant sanitation, the recommended sequence in hand dishwashing is... | scrape - pre-rinse - wash - rinse - sanitize - drain - store. |
| The most common way to raise the pH of swimming pool is to add... | sodium carbonate |
| What type of discharge would be given the highest priority? | a large effluent with an untreated discharge. |
| The single MOST important control measure for microbial foodbourne disease is ... | Proper temperature control of potentially hazardous foods. |
| Inceneration should be considered instead of landfilling for solid waste disposal when... | land is not readily available. |
| Improperly processed linens in nursing homes and other institutions may be a factor in the spread of what? | shigellosis |
| When installing a wastewater disposal system in the presence of high groundwater, the best system to use is... | Mound |
| When swimming pool walls become slimy or spotted from algae, what is the recommended method of contol? | Empty and scrub with 5% chlorine. |
| When natural waters are used for bathing, schistosome dermatitis is controlled by the removal of what? | snails |
| An approved agent for sanitizing a food contact surface. | an aqueous solution of of n-alkyl benzyl dimethylammonium chloride |
| The soil type with the most satisfactory permeability for onsite wastewater disposal would be... | well graded sands,gravelly sands, and little or no nines. |
| The primary objective of the use of chlorine for water treatment is to... | destroy all pathogens |
| Which treatment device generally produces effluent with the lowest suspended solids? | An aeration unit. |
| What is the method of choice in controlling mosquito larvae in a farm pond? | Stocking and maintenance of Gambusia (fish) provided the pond is deep enough for overwintering. |
| If asbestos is suspected in a public building, what would be the MOST sensible thing to do FIRST in tackling the problem? | Document the presence of asbestos by by microscopic analysis. |
| In environmental planning of an urban area, what information is most vital when deciding if septic and wells can be present? | The size of the lot. |
| Community noise problems can best be prevented by? | developing and implementing land use plans for noise compatibility. |
| The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is the governing agency for... | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| Which amendment in the constitution applies to the requirements of a search warrant? | 4th Amendment |
| Under the requirements of the Freedom of Information Act, how should one give out a requested file? | A written request from the requester |
| An environmental health agency's informal administrative actions must be.. | established with proof beyond a reasonable doubt. |
| Rules, standards, and regulations issued by a board of health are considered to be what type of law? | administrative |
| With adulterated food, what are the enforcement alternatives in ASCENDING order? | Embargo -> Seizure -> Destruction |
| The most effective legal remedy for getting an offending party to correct the imminent health health hazard is? | An Injunction |
| What is an example of a Violation Order? | Cease and Desist |
| Citizen groups and industries aggrieved by regulatory action should first do what? | Exhaust administrative remedies. |
| EH staff occasionally take part in court in their official capacity as what? | Expert witness |
| The hearsay rule state that what? | may not testify to an observation made by someone else, and not by themselves. |
| A health department may be protected from liability by... | Sovereign Immunity |
| Under negligence law, a sanitarian owes the public a duty to... | act as a reasonable person. |
| Misfeance | wrong doing |
| The use of private property is unrestricted just as long as it does not injure another person or property. This principle is called... | the law of nuisances |
| Environmental Impacts Statements are required by which federal act? | National Environmental Policy Act |
| The National Primary Drinking Water Regulation does not require water testing for what? | viruses |
| What publication should be studied in order to determine to study the occurrence or increase in of communicable disease? | Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
| The National Sanitation Foundation seal is seen as a sign that an article is what? | Compliant with Public Health Standards |
| A device used in air testing air pollution by seperating particles by causing the gas stream to make sudden changes in direction and passing through the equipment is called a _____. | Impinger |
| Light traps and carbon dioxide traps are usually used in the capture of what mosquito? | Culex tarsalis |
| A person who evaluates sites for on-lot wastewater disposal would most likely use a(n) _____. | Auger |
| An electrostatic precipitation is used to remove undesirable particles from where> | The air |
| A water sample bottle may contain sodium thiosulfate crystals to ______. | neutralize and chlorine present. |
| Total suspended particulates are routinely monitored by what? | hi-vol filters |
| Performance of an unauthorized act in an unauthorized manner is called ____. | Malfeasance |
| Which group of bacteria typically contains the most kinds of bacteria? | Mesophillic |
| Which type of well is least likely to become contaminated? | Drilled |
| The best sanitary landfill method for a location with rolling terrain is... | area or ramp method |
| Which pesticide is most effective for controlling ragweed? | 2, 4-D |
| Which term is used to show the exposure of huge populations to low level radiation? | Person-rem |
| How many years should medical surveillance records be kept? | 30 years |
| Scrubbers are wet collectors GENERALLY used to remove particles that form as... | fog, mist, or dust |
| Vent gases combined with high moisture inside of a chimney will form what? | Sulfuric Acid |
| Nosocomial infections are a reoccuring problem in what kind of establishment? | Hospitals |
| The PRINCIPAL function of cyanuric acid in a swimming pool is to... | stabilize residual chlorine. |
| OSHA regulations other than HAZWOPER apply to emergency response and hazardous waste operations if they are... | more stringent. |
| The 1970 Air Act established the air standard does not apply to what gas? | Carbon Dioxide |
| To disinfect 1 gallon of clear water using household 5% bleach: | Mix 1 tsp to 10 gallons and let set for 30 minutes |
| Following floods and other natural disasters, there is a frequent public concern for what vaccination? | Typhoid |
| The speed in which emergency action can be taken is largely defendent on... | Prior planning |
| When an order has been ignored, the next step is to _______. | Hold an administrative hearing. |
| What article of the U.S. constitution protects a nonpublic area from unreasonable searches and seizures? | Article 4 |
| A disease condition, which lasts for 3 months or more, is called? | Chronic |
| The McBee system (for record keeping) is suitable when the maximum number or cards per sortting does not exceed: | 500 |
| A GAP analysis is: | The analysis of the distance between the current state and the future state. |
| The turbidity of clear water TO BE TREATED by slow sand filtration should not exceed: | 25 NTU |
| Subdivision plans involving individual wells and sewage disposal systems: | Must be adapt to topography and geological formations existing. |
| If a sample of water contains 5,000 fecal coliform colonies per 100 ml of water, is placed in which environmental impact category? | Category 2 |
| The EPA stream quality indicator for dissolved oxygen in stream water is: | 6mg per liter |
| Federal air quality standards of sulfur oxides in parts per million is: | 0.03 |
| A nitrogen level below _____ ppm does not pose a health problem. | 0.05 |
| The council on Environmental Quality was established by: | Title II of NEPA |
| Special engineering studies are required for slopes with an incline greater than: | 8 percent |
| An ad valorem tax is: | A non-proportionate tax for service. |
| General obligation bonds used for financing municipal capital improvements are repaid by: | Real Property Tax |
| A comprehensive water supply study must include: | Alternative sources of water. |
| There is an urgent need for more engineering in the community planning: | At the area-wide, metropolitan, and regional level. |
| The appointment and maintenance of an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) is one of the requirements of: | NIH |
| The development and maintenance of an exposure control plan is one requirement of: | OSHA's bloodbourne pathogen regulations |
| The protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory environment from exposure from infectious agents by good microbial technique and safety equipment is called: | Primary containment |
| The muerto canyon virus causes disease in the _____ of humans. | Lungs |
| The control of bloodborne pathogens is regulated by who? | OSHA |
| The reason for nosocomial infections in hospitals and nursing homes are? | Older patients with chronic disease, Increased number of high risk patients, and Invasive procedures. |
| What are the most frequent disease transition routs in child daycare centers? | Intimate contact, Fecal oral route, respiratory. |
| Exposure to formaldehyde can cause: | Disturbed sleep, contact dermatitis, and Irritation to respiratory passages. |
| Lead poisoning is commonly associated with children living in homes built before what year? | 1950 |
| Radon is detected in a home through the use of instrumentation that measures what? | Alpha particles |
| Urban dwellers spend what percentage of time indoor? | 80 to 90 |
| It is recommended that 1 water closet be provided for every ___ beds in a hospital or nursing home. | 8 |
| A minimum of how much sleeping area is per person is required in the APHA appraisal method? | 40 square feet |
| Most ragweed pollen grains settle on the ground within about: | 200 feet of their source |
| In general, there are three kind of weeds. What are they? | Perennials, biennials, and annuals. |
| Psittacosis/Ornithosis is spread by what? | Pidgeons |
| An example of an anticoagulant rodenticide is: | Warfarin |
| The Norway Rat has a normal home range of: | 100-150ft |
| The smallest diameter hole through which an average house mouse can pass is: | 1/2 inch |
| Rattus rattus is also referred to as: | Roof Rat |
| Pediculosis is an infestation of what? | Lice |
| Bacteria can be carried in the digestive tract of the housefly as long as: | 4 weeks |
| Rodents are the primary host/reservoir of hantavirus. In particular, ________ appears to be the primary reservoir for the newly recognized (1993) hantavirus in the SEUS. | Deer mouse |
| What pH is probably optimal foe minimal eye irritation along with maintenance of effective residual chlorine? | 7.5-7.6 |
| When chlorine is added to water: | 2 acids are formed. |
| To raise pH, add: | Soda ash |
| A pool filtration system should filter all of the pool's water every: | 6-8 hours |
| Swimming pools have been implicated in many outbreaks including | Letosporiasis, Legionar's disease, etc. |
| Oysters free themselves of contaminating viruses and bacteria with how many hours of exposure in purified water. | 12-24 hours |
| Death in newborns caused by milk-induced diarrhea has been mainly attributed to: | E. Coli |
| Thermoduric bacteria grow best at what temps? | 70-98 oF |
| People at risk for listerosis are: | Newborns and pregnant women |
| Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome is caused by: | Infection with E. Coli 0157:H7 |
| Salty flavored milk may be a result of cows infected with: | Mastitis |
| Milk is considered Ultra High Pasteurized at what temp? | 212F or 100C for 1 second |
| Contamination in a block of ice can be identified by what? | Dis-colorization in the geometric center. |
| Pasteurization of milk does NOT remove what? | Toxins, Anthrax Spores, Pesticides |
| Lasers emit what kind of radiation? | Electromagnetic Radiation |
| Filters reduce what? | Radiation |
| The only difference in gamma rays, x-rays, and visible light is: | Their frequency |
| Methyl Bromide is mainly used as a? | Herbicide |
| The ozone hole was first noticed over where? | Antartica |
| What material is known for reflecting sound? | Rubber tiles |
| Pitch of a sound is determined primarily by: | Frequency |
| Long term wind data of a given location are praphically in the form of a: | Wind Rose |
| The Ringlemann chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaced by the determination of: | Percent opacity |
| How are total suspended particles measured? | Collection and weighing |
| Is sulfuric acid a primary pollutant? | No |
| Sources of dioxin include: | Wood preserved with PCP's, Paper mill bleached pulp and sludge, Bleached paper products |
| High temperature systems are mostly suitable to destroy: | Organic compounds |
| Is domestic sewage included in hazardous waste regulations? | No |
| What is not a characteristic of hazardous waste? | Combustability |
| Methane in the presence of air is explosive at what concentration? | 5 and 15 percent |
| Acidic conditions do what to growth of methane-producing bacteria? | Inhibit |
| What reduces the final volume of waste? | Compaction and Maceration |
| The NODAK system is designed to: | Protect groundwater |
| Sewer gas may contain: | H2S, Methane, Chorine |
| Facultative Bacteria can: | Live in both Aerobic and Anaerobic conditions |
| How is the suitability of soil determined? | Percolation Test |
| What is non-toxic to aquatic organisms, a good viricide, and adds oxygen to treated wastewater effluents? | Ozone (O3) |
| The degree of eutrophication is indicated by: | Quantity of algae, reduced water transparency, dissolved oxygen in the water near the surface, |
| The amount of color in the water should be less than: | 15 color units |
| Mycotoxins are toxins produced by: | Fungi |
| A well casing should be equipped with a vent and installed... | with concrete used as a grout. |
| During the doffing (removal) of PPE, what is the last article to be removed? | Gloves |
| This is an appraisal method for measuring the quality of housing. | APHA |
| "potable water" means: | Water than can be consumed at any desired amount without concern for adverse effects on health. |
| Histamine poisoning commonly causes: | Circulatory difficulties and tissue swelling. |
| The first step of HACCP is to: | Identify potentially hazardous foods. |
| Which of the following Biosafety levels is associated with moderate potential hazard to personnel and environment. | Biosafety level 2 |
| A legal order to stop an activity, which interferes with the public's ability to pursue comfort health, and quiet is: | Nuisance abatement order |
| Which species of cockroach causes the most issues in the U.S.? | German |
| The commonly acceptable refuse disposal and treatment methods are: | composting, incineration, and sanitary land filling. |
| Toxic priority pollutants include: | arsenic, cadmium, vinyl chloride |
| What source accounts for the largest amount of foodborne illness? | Biological |
| The recommended turnover rate for a spa is: | 30 minutes |
| When free chlorine combines with ammonia it makes: | Combined chlorine |
| The most significant source of pollutant emissions released into the ambient air is? | Motor Vehichles |
| The major component of smog is? | Ozone |
| The blue pages for an Emergency Response Guidebook are for? | Alphabetical listing of chemicals |
| The green pages of an Emergency Response Guidebook are for? | Isolation and Distance Labels |
| The yellow pages of an Emergency Response Guidebook are for? | Guide listings numerically |
| The wholesomeness of food is dependent on? | appearance and look |
| The CDC has defined the following lead blood level as a level of concern. | 10 micrograms per deciliter |
| Limiting employees to a 20 minute rotation schedule while working on cold storage freezers is an example of a: | Vertical Standard |
| What type of filters are not recommended for safe drinking water? | Pressure filters |
| The microbe primarily responsible for skin infection in whirlpools is: | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| The connection between a pool and sewer must : | Have an air gap no less than 2x the diameter of the discharge pipe. |
| The quickest decomposition method with the least odor is: | Aerobic |
| Which waste treatment involves the use of GEMS? | Bioremediation |
| What is the MOST common cause of bacterial meningitis in children undr the age of 5 years old? | Haemophilus influenza type B |
| How is giardiasis USUALLY transmitted to others? | Person to person transfer of cysts from the feces of the infected individual. |
| What is the measurement of the amount of light scattered by particles? | Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) |
| Define Epidemic | The occurrence in a community or region of cases of an illness clearly in excess of expectancy. |
| Listerosis is most commonly associated with... | Contaminated food. |
| Vehichleborne, vectorborne, and airborne are all examples of what kinds of transmission? | Indirect mode of transmission |
| What type of filtration system should be supplemented by a chlorination system? | Diatomaceous earth filters. |
| Microbial pollution travels only a short distance through what kind of soil? | Smooth Clay |
| What type of filter is recommended for use in small communities and rural places? | Slow sand filters |
| Back siphonage ma be prevented by? | Vacuum Breakers, Sir Gap Separation, Backpressure Units |
| The wastewater from the flushing of a water closet, latrine, or privy is referred to as: | Black water |
| Nutrients associated with eutrophication mainly include... | Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphates |
| Aerobic bacteria require what nutrients? | Carbon, Phosphorous, Nitrogen |
| What does a mottled brown and red soil indicate? | Inadequate aeration methods |
| Alternative small wastewater treatment systems are considered UNLESS? | Impervious formations are found at a depth of 10 feet. |
| Lime coagulation, mixed media filtrations, and activated carbon filtration will greatly reduce: | EPA Priority Pollutants |
| It is known that some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater will survive more than _______ of harsh temperature extremes. | 2 years |
| A storm sewer is used to: | Remove rain and other standing surface water. |
| Stream pollution is sometimes apparent by: | A zone of degradation. |
| A young lake is considered to be: | Oligotrophic |
| If the septic tank will also have a garbage disposal feeding into it, what changes about the tank? | The size of the tank should be increased 50%. |
| Sludge accumulation in a tank serving a normal home been estimated at | 18-21 gallons per person per year. |
| How often should a septic tank for a private home be serviced? | Every 3-5 years |
| Human disease from aerosols of wastewater: | Are related primarily to wastewater treatment by the activated sludge, trickling filter, and spray irrigation process. |
| Using wastewater for watering plants is dangerous to humans if the water contains: | Cadmium |
| The grinding of garbage is an acceptable method of? | Garbage Disposal |
| What is the best way of collecting undisturbed soil? | Split Spoon |
| Which federal law regulates underground storage tanks for hazardous waste? | Resource Conservation and Recovery Act |
| A measure of the probability and severity of adverse effects under specific conditions is called: | Risk |
| What type of hazardous material transportation presents the most widespread public risk? | Highway Transportaion |
| What is the term for statistical estimate of an oral dose of a chemical that produces a lethal effect on half of the animal population. | LD50 |
| Which respiratory device provides the best protection? | A positive pressure respirator with a full face piece. |
| What is the order of importance for responder safety at an incident? | Responder safety > Public Safety > Environmental Safety > Property Protection |
| Psittacosis is also referred to as? | Ornithosis |
| Poison ivy, Poison Sumac, and Poison Oak contain oleoresin that is found in all parts of the plant EXCEPT the: | Wood |
| Hay fever is correctly referred to as? | Pollenosis |
| What herbicide is most effective for controlling ragweed? | 2,4-D |
| The killing of an infectious agent outside of the body by chemical or physical means is called what? | Disinfection |
| The term cooties refers to what kind of infestation? | Lice |
| In radiation, the term RAD means: | Radiation Absorbed Dose |
| Beta radiation is MOST commonly blocked by what materials? | Glass or Plastic |
| Microwaves are reflected by _____. | Metals |
| What is the energy of ionizing radiation measured in? | Electron Volts (eV) |
| Which type of radiation has little penetrating power and is normally a hazard to health only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation, or open wounds? | Alpha-Particles |
| Isotopes of the same element have: | The same atomic number, but different mass number |
| The term frequency can be described in/as: | Waves |
| The shorter the wavelength, the: | Higher the frequency and energy. |
| The roentgen is the measure of the ionization in the air produced by exposure to: | X-rays or Gamma Rays |
| The absorption of how man ergs (energy-per-gram) of air represents one roentgen? | About 86 |
| What term is used to show the exposure of large populations to low-level radiation? | Person-rem |
| The rate at which atoms of radioactive sources (radionuclides) disintegrate are measured in: | Curies |
| Radiation induced diseases in a person are called what? | Somatic |
| Radiation induced diseases in the progeny of an exposed person are called? | genertic |
| Nucleons are defined as? | The particles in the nucleus of an atom. (Protons and Neutrons) |
| What charge do electrons carry? | Negative |
| How is the mass on an atom expressed? | (AMU) Atomic Mass Numbers |
| What do you call the electrical energy needed to keep an electron orbiting around the nucleus? | Binding Energy |
| Define Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem) (Sv) | The unit of dose equivalent or occupational exposure. |
| The largest component of natural environmental radiation exposure? | Radon |
| Define Ionization | The process of displacing an orbital electron from an atom in a substance, producing a negative ion and a positive ion. |
| Which federal agency has the greatest responsibility for radiation protection? | Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) |
| No person should be permitted to work in a trench or pit in a sandy clay soil that has unsupported sides or banks higher than: | 5 Feet |
| An employers moving employees that have reached upper permissible levels of exposure from an area is called what? | Administrative Control |
| A negative pressure fit test for a protective mask: | Is done by placing both palms against the intake filters. |
| Define Presbycusis | Hearing loss associated with increasing age. |
| Define Socioacusis | noise induced permanent threshold shift due to environmental noise. |
| The MOST likely cause of photochemical smog is: | Heavy motor vehicle traffic. |
| Scrubbers are wet collectors usually used to remove particles that form as a | Fog, Mist, or Dust |
| The big industry least likely to be a source of Sulfur Dioxide is: | Hazardous waste incinerators |
| Particle size selective inlets are used to separate particulates above and below 2-3 microns in size on: | High volume samplers |
| The most common type of noise measurement device used for initial inspections is the: | Sound Level Meter |
| When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called: | Synergism |
| The average human breathes how much oxygen a day? | 35 lbs of air |
| What component of clean dry air has the lowest volume? | Sulfur Dioxide |
| Ozone reduces the useful life of many components in clothing and textiles. What is the main one it does not? | Nylon |
| Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles- and London- type smog, along with what 2 pollutants? | Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Fluoride |
| What type of air pollution causes bleaching of leaves of plants? | Sulfur dioxide |
| What size particle can reach the lowest part of the lungs? | 3 microns |
| How are hydrocarbons usually measured? | Flame Ionization Method |
| Cross-connection controls include air gaps, backflow preventers, vacuum breakers, and: | Indirect Waste Piping |
| The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through: | An open receptacle with an air gap |
| Vent gasses from a coal-burning furnace combined with high moisture inside a chimney will form what? | Sulfuric Acid |
| What is the PRIMARY cause of death resulting from automobile exhaust accumulation in garages? | Carbon Monoxide |
| The end of a waste pipe should terminate below the rim of a sink directly connected to the drainage system by at LEAST: | 2 Inches |
| The most common type of injury in a home is a: | Fall |
| An "S" trap is not considered legal in most states due to: | They are not vented |
| A stud is a unit of a building construction that is intended as a: | Vertical Support |
| A joist is used as a: | Horizontal Support |
| A footing drain is required to: | Keep a foundation from slipping. |
| The chimney of a house should be a minimum of ______ above the highest structure of the home. | 3 feet |
| What is the horizontal part of a step called? | Tread |
| What is the vertical part of the step called? | Riser |
| When footers fail this often results in: | Cracked and/or displaced foundations. |
| On a home, the termite shield is placed between the: | Foundation and the Sill |
| The maximum size of a stair riser is: | 8"1/4 |
| The footing drain is intended to drain the water away from the base of the home to: | Prevent damage to the footer and foundation. |
| A plastic ground cover sealed to the foundation should be placed on the ground in the crawl space of the home to: | Control moisture in the crawlspace. |
| Define nosocomial: | Infections acquired in a hospital. |
| What is the ASHRAE-recommended minimal thermal standard for dwelling at 40% humidity and an air circulation rate of 45 fpm? | 76 degrees |
| The distance between the end of the water supply pipe and the sink should be how many times the diameter of the supply pipe? | 2 |
| Excessive condensation, condensation, and mildew occur when the relative humidity exceeds: | 60% |
| Nosocomial infections are a reoccurring issue in: | Healthcare facilities |
| Minimum wash water temps for hospital laundry: | 160-167F |
| A biohazard is defined as: | A material of biological composition, especially if infective, that constitutes a threat to people or their environment. |
| Bloodborne pathogens are are regulated by: | OSHA |
| Muerto Canyon Virus (MCV) is a hantavirus mainly carried by: | Mice |
| The Muerto Canyon Virus causes a disease that destroys what primary organ in humans? | Lungs |
| The incidence of tuberculosis in English laboratory workers working with M. tuberculosis was reported to be how many times higher than for the general population? | 5x |
| "Universal Precautions" refers to: | An infection control program regulating the handling of blood and certain bodily fluids. |
| The biosafety containment level suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment is: | Biosafety Level 2 |
| Technical manuals are considered: | Biological Safety Equipment |
| The release of genetically engineered materials in to the environment is regulated by: | USDA & EPA |
| Studies indicate that swimmers have higher overall illness: | Regardless of bathing water quality. |
| Swimming pool water clarity is measured in: | Nephelometer Turbidity Units (NTU) |
| Its is recommended that a pool water's clarity never exceed how many NTUs? | 0.5 NTU |
| A swimming pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of the pool every ___ hours. | 6 Hours |
| The rate of filtration of a diatomite filter should be: | 1 to 2 gpm/ft2 |
| Due to a large quantity of floating organisms and materials, the gutters should receive what MINIMUM percent of the total pool water? | 60% |
| The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is: | Continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration. |
| One advantage of using cyanuric acid additive is that it: | Stabilizes residual chlorine |
| The acidity/alkalinity balance affects eye irritation, water coagulation, and the: | Effectiveness of chlorine |
| The addition of sodium bicarbonate will: | Raise pH |
| To raise pH add: | soda ash |
| To mix acid with water, always: | add acid to water |
| When chlorine is added to water: | one acid is formed |
| The best control of swimmers itch at a bathing beach is to: | Add copper sulfate |
| The preferred method for controlling sewage from watercraft is the use of: | Onboard holding tanks |
| Gas chlorine provides: | 100% available chlorine |
| The microbe primarily responsible for skin infections in whirlpools is: | Pseudomonas auruginosa |
| Water in children's wading pools should be recirculated every: | 60 minutes |
| The ideal pH range for swimming pools is: | 7.2-7.6 |
| The generally prohibited swimming facility from a public health perspective is a: | Fill and Draw Pool |
| It is essential that all pools do what? | Circulate 24 hours a day |
| The main drain grate should be how many times larger than the discharge pipe? | 4x |
| The speed at which emergency action can be taken is dependent PRIMARILY on: | Prior planning |
| The government agency that usually deals with disasters is: | FEMA |
| Evacuation and survival of individuals in an emergency or natural disaster is most often dependent on the extent to which: | They can help themselves. |
| After flooding and other natural disasters, vaccinations are needed for? | None needed |
| The minimum amount of water per day that should be provided for natural disaster victims is? | 3-5 gallons |
| When a temporary shelter is necessary in an emergency, the FIRST consideration in shelter selection should be: | Protection of the survivors from health and safety risks |
| One of the FIRST actions an individual should take upon hearing an order for evacuation of homes and businesses is to turn off the: | Public utility services to the building. |
| The quantity of bleach needed to treat 1000 gallons of bacterially contaminated water for drinking is: | 1 pint |
| A satisfactory method for disinfecting water that is not chemically or grossly polluted with bacteria is: | Chlorination |
| In emergency situations, when the water is turbid or colored, but not chemically contaminated, the chlorine dosage should be: | Doubled |
| Approved emergency plans for at nuclear electric power plants should be tested every: | 2 years |
| Key components of HAZWOPER programs exclude: | sanitary requirements |
| HAZWOPER requirements apply to: | Voluntary cleanup at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. |
| The difference between disaster and terrorism is be described as: | Intent |
| Why is CO2 added to a water? | To balance pH |
| Silicosis | Is affected by what kind of dust, how much, and amount of silica. (Not asbestos) |
| ACGIH | American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists |
| AEC | Atomic Energy Commisions |
| AF | Alkalinity Factor |
| ALARA | As Low As Reasonably Achieved |
| AMU | Atomic Mass Unit |
| APRs | Air-Purifying Respirators |
| ASHRAE | American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers |
| aw | Water Alkalinity |
| Bq | Bequerel Unit |
| BOD5 | Biochemical Oxygen Demand |
| C | Coulomb |
| CAA | Clean Air Act |
| CCPs | Critical Control Points |
| CERCLA | Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act |
| CF | Calcium Hardness Factor |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations |
| Ci | Curie Units |
| CIP | Cleaning In Place |
| CPC | Chemical Protective Clothing |
| CPSC | Consumer Product Safety Commision |
| CWA | Clean Water Act |
| dB | Decible |
| dBA | Sound Measured Using A-weighted Scale |
| DE Filter | Diatomaceous Earth Filter |
| DHHS | Department of Health and Human Services |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DPD | Diethyl-P-Phynelene Diamine |
| EHS | Extremely Hazardous Substance |
| ELF | Extremely Low Frequency |
| EPCRA | Energy Planning and Community Right to Know Act |
| eV | Electron Volt |
| FAA | Federal Aviation Administration |
| FID | Flame Ionization Detector |
| fmp | Feet per minute |
| GEMs | Generically Engineered Microbes |
| GFI | Ground Fault Interrupters |
| Gy | Gray |
| HMTA | Hazardous Materials Transportation Act |
| HAZWOPER | Hazardous Waste Operations & Emergency Response |
| Hz | Hertz (International unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second) |
| ICRU | International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements |
| IDHL | Immediately Dangerous to Health or Life |
| IMDG | International Maritime Dangerous Goods |
| IMO | International Maritime Organization |
| IMP | Integrated Pest Management |
| L values | Statistical Model |
| Lax Values | Various noise levels (Also called exceedance levels) |
| LD | Lethal Dose |
| LD50 | Dose needed to kill 50% of the animals exposed to it. |
| LDN | Average Day-Night Noise Level |
| LEQ | Equivalent Continuous Sound Level |
| LEL | Lower Explosive Unit |
| LEPC | Local Emergency Planning Committee |
| LEPD | Local Emergency Planning District |
| MCLs | Maximum Containment Levels |
| MKS Systems | Meters, Kilograms, Seconds system |
| MSG | Monosodium Glutamate |
| MSHA | Mine Safety and Health Admiistration |
| MSW | Municipal Solid Waste |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
| NIH | National Institute of Health |
| NIOSH | National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health |
| NIPTS | Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift |
| NRC | Noise Reduction Coefficient /OR/ National Regulator Commission |
| NRT | National Response Team |
| NSFI | National Sanitation Foundation International |
| NSPF | National Swimming Pool Foundation |
| OSC | On-Scene Coordinator |
| P2 | Pollution Prevention |
| PAN | Peroxyacetyl Nitrate |
| PCB | Polychlorinated Biphenyl |
| PD or PID | Photoionization Detector |
| PEL | Permissible Exposure Limit |
| PHS | Public Health Service |
| PM10 | Percolate Matter of 10 microns or less |
| PSI | Pollution Standards Index |
| PVA | Polyvinyl Alcohol |
| PVC | Polyvinyl Chloride |
| R | Roentgen |
| rad | Radiation Absorbed Does. A dosage of absorbed ionizing radiation equal to the absorption of 110 ergs of energy per gram of material. |
| rem | Roentgen Equivalent Man. A dosage of ionizing radiation that will produce a biological effect approximately equal to that produced by one roentgen of X-ray ratiation. |
| RQ | Reportable Quantity |
| RRT | Regional Response Team |
| SARA | Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act |
| SARs | Supplied Air Respirators |
| SCBA | Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus |
| SDWA | Safe Drinking Water Act |
| SERC | State Emergency Response Commission |
| SFIP | Stakeholder Focused Interactive Planning |
| SI | System of International Units |
| STC | Sound Transmission Class |
| STL | Sound Transmission Loss |
| Sv | Seivert |
| SWRT | Surface Water Treatment Rule |
| TD | Toxic Dose |
| TF | Temperature Factor |
| TLD | Thermoluminescent Dosimeters |
| TLV | Threshold Limit Value |
| TLV-C | Threshold Limit Value (Ceiling) |
| TLV-STEL | Threshold Limit Value - Short Term Exposure Limit |
| TLV-TWA | Threshold Limit Value - Time Weighted Average |
| TPQ | Threshold Planning Qulaity |
| TSD | Treatment, Storage, and Disposal |
| TQM | Total Quality Management |
| TSS | Total Suspended Solids |
| UL | Underwriters Laboratory |
| UPC | Uniform Plumbing Code |
| USCG | United States Coast Guard |
| What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age? | Haemophilus influenza type B |
| How is giardiasis usually transmitted to others? | Person-to-person of cysts from the feces of the infected individual. |
| Which duty of state and local health agencies is focused to protect the public's health and welfare? | Regulatory responsibilities |
| What is the measurement of the amount of light scattered by particles suspended in a water test sample | Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) |
| Which portal of entry should a field sanitarian protect to avoid contracting Lyme Disease? | Skin |
| Listerosis is commonly associated with what? | Food |
| Hermolytic Uremic Syndrome is caused by infection with? | Escherichia coli O157:H7 |
| Basic principles of disease control include: | control of disease source, mode of transmission, understanding susceptiblity |
| Time between exposure and the first symptom | Incubation period |
| vehicleborne, vectorborne, and airborne are examples of: | Indirect Transmission |
| An employer is held liable for the torts of its employees committed within the scope of their employment. This is called | Respondeat Superior |
| Performance of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner is called: | Misfeasance |
| An action authorized by law to restrict to prevent or prevent the movement of good for the protection of the public: | Embargo |
| What federal agency regulates food additives? | FDA |
| When legal action taken, what is the first steps a sanitarian takes? | Keep accurate notes |
| Most common contributing factor of foodborne illness | Improper holding tempretures |
| What is the maximum time food can stay in the temperature danger zone. | 6 Hours |
| Backsiphonage is NOT prevented by: | Hydrostatic Loops |
| Before taking a drinking water sample, how long should the source be flushed out? | 2-3 minutes |
| Least effective for cadmium removal? | Activated carbon |
| Wastewater from a water closet, latrine, or privy is referred to as: | Black Water |
| If a tank is pumped during a wet period: | The tank may float |
| Nutrients associated with eutrophication are: | Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphates |
| A septic employee has checked an empty tank for hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The test was negative and there were no odors. Is the tank safe to enter without a respirator or supplied air? | No, because the oxygen content and methane were not tested, |
| Facts about ozone: | Excellent viricide, Source of dissolved oxygen, non-toxic to aquatic organisms |
| Aerobic bacteria require what nutrients? | Carbon, Phosphorus and Nitrogen |
| What does mottled brown and red soil indicate? | Inadequate aeration methods |
| Some common pathogens will survive in wastewater up to | 2 years |
| Sludge accumulation in a standard home has been estimated at: | 18-21 gallons per person |
| Types of hazardous waste incinerators | Fluidized, fixed hearth, rotary kiln |
| Which federal law governs underground storage tanks for waste disposal? | RCRA |
| Which respiratory device provides the best protection? | Positive pressure respirator with a full face piece |
| Best public health strategy to abate a current outbreak of rikettsialpox (transmitted by rat-associated mites)? | Apply acaricides prior to suppressing rat abundance, |
| When is it reasonable to treat a dwelling for a bed bug problem? | When a living bed bug has been confirmed on the premises. |
| Poison Ivey, Oak, and Sumac are BEST managed by: | Treating them with an herbicide. |
| Head lice are acquired by: | Prolonged head-to-head contact. |
| Disease from inhaling dust from bird droppings: | Psittacosis |
| When would pesticides be used in an integrated pest management program? | Anytime they might be appropriate to reaching the goals of the program |
| Rodent populations in a food production or service facility are BEST kept low by: | Improving sanitation and securing foods. |
| What is the best way to handle a bat being found in a room? | Capture the bat alive and consider having it tested for rabies. |
| Little penetrating power and are normally a health hazard only in the form of internal radiation received through ingestion, inhalation or open wounds? | Alpha particles |
| Microwaves are protected by? | Metals |
| The term frequency can not be described in: | particles |
| The principles of shielding are represented by which three methods? | Time, distance & shielding |
| The half-value layer represents: | The thickness of a particular shield that decreases exposure by 50% |
| What is the danger and/or hazard posed by an etiological agent? | Human Disease |
| 3 bones in the ear: | Incus, Malleus, & Staples |
| A substance or condition resulting in congenital malformations (birth defects) | teratogen |
| The process leading to cancer. | Carcinogenesis |
| The EPA classifies chemicals into categories based on their potential to cause cancer. | 1. Human Carcinogen 2. Likely human carcinogen 3.Suggested potential of carcinogen 4.Inadequate evidence to classify 5. Not likely carcinogen |
| An agent that causes chromosomal damage or rearrangement resulting in alteration of genetic code. | Mutagen |
| VOC's are often excreted through? | The Lungs |
| When a toxicant is transformed or metabolized into something else. | Biotransformation |
| Biotransformation of wood alcohol (methanol) to formaldehyde causes what in human? | blindness |
| The degree of chemical exposure. | Dose |
| The magnitude of chemical exposure. | Response |
| TDLO | Toxic Dose Low- Lowest dose of a substance introduced by any route other than inhalation. |
| TCLO | Toxic concentration low- The lowest concentration of a substance in air that has produced a toxic dose. |
| LCLO | Lethal Concentration Low- Lowest concentration in that air that has been reported to cause death. |
| LC50 | Lethal concentration 50- a calculated concentration of a substance in air that is expected to cause the death of 50% of a population. |
| OEL | Occupational Exposure Limit |
| Hazard Class 1 | Explosives |
| Hazard Class 2 | Gases |
| Hazard Class 3 | Flammable Liquids |
| Hazard Class 4 | Flammable Solids |
| Hazard Class 5 | Oxidizers & Organic Peroxides |
| Hazard Class 6 | Toxic Materials & Infectious Substances |
| Hazard Class 7 | Radioactive Materials |
| Hazard Class 8 | Corrosives |
| Hazard Class 9 | Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods |
| Level A PPE | Requires atmosphere-supplying respirator in combination with a vapor-tight suit. |
| Level B PPE | Requires atmosphere-supplying respirator in combination with the appropriate chemical-protective clothing. |
| Level C PPE | A cartridge or canister air purifying respirator and appropriate skin protection. |
| Level D PPE | Generally a work uniform used for nuisance contamination only. |
| Radioactivity SI Unit | Becquerel (Bq) |
| Absorbed Dose SI Unit | gray (Gy) |
| Dose Equivalent SI Unit | Sievert (Sv) |
| Exposure SI Unit | coulumb/kilogram (C/kg) |
| Radioactivity MKS Unit | Curie |
| Absorbed Dose MSK Unit | rad |
| Dose Equivalent MKS Unit | rem |
| Exposure MKS Unit | roentgen |
| AQI | Air Quality Index |
| How are hydrocarbons usually measured? | Flame Ionization Method |
| How is Nitrogen Oxide or Nitric Oxide NO2 usually measured? | Chemiluminescence |
| Three major methods of asbestos testing | Polarized Light Microscopy, Phase Contrast Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| COPD | Chronic Obstruction Lung Desease |
Created by:
Jmoore7147
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