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Adult Immune & Infx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| signs of AIDS | low WBC, platelets, CD4; High IgG & IgA; leukopenia; night sweats; neoplasm (kaposi's sarcoma = skin lesions slow growing tumor; raised, onlong, purplish lesions) |
| intervention of AIDS | O2 prn; monitor infx & EL; meticulous skin care; adequate nutritive & hydration |
| if allergic rxn to IV cefazolin occurs: | stop infusion & call for help; Assess airway & O2; IM Epinephrine & IV NS; IV diphenhydramine, bronchodilators, corticosteroids; monitor VS for changes |
| cardiac symptoms of anaphylaxis | vasodilation - hypotension & tissue edema; tachycardia; cardiac arrest |
| respiratory symptoms of anaphylaxis | upper airway edema = stridor & hoarseness; bronchospasm = wheezes; SOB, resp distress |
| Cutaneous symptoms of anaphylaxis | urticarial rash, pruritis, flushing |
| GI symptoms of anaphylaxis | N/V, abdo pain |
| Neuro symptoms of anaphylaxis | Dizziness, lightheadedness; paresthesia; angioedema |
| interventions for anaphylaxis | patent airway - RRT/HCP; O2 prn; IV NS indusion; prep diphenhydramine & epinephrine; document |
| HIV transmission | bld, breast milk, semen, vaginal secretions |
| acute signs of HIV | flu-like symptoms; night sweats; swollen lymph nodes; mouth ulcers |
| prevention transmission strategies for HIV | use latex/synthetic condoms or dental dams during sexual activity (natural barriers like lamb skin - don't prevent transmission) |
| cause of lyme disease | borrelia burgdorferi from tick bites |
| signs of lyme disease | ring shaped rash (occur anywhere); flu-like symps; erythema migrans (bulls eye rash) |
| interventions for lyme disease | remove tick; Abx admin; Avoid woody areas or walking thru tall grass or thick underbush; long sleeved tops & long pants w/ closed-toe shoes; tick repellant; report symptoms to HCP |
| cyclosporine = | immunosuppressant drug |
| immunosuppressant drugs = | azathioprine |
| key asmt when trying to diagnose rheumatic fever | sore throat in last 2-3 wks |
| major signs of rheumatic fever | JONES: joints (migratory arhritis); heart (carditis); Nodules (subcuntaneous lesions); Erythema marginatum (pink rings on torso & inner limbs); sydenham chorea (rapid, irreg involuntary movements) |
| minor signs of rheumatic fever | fever; arthralgias; increased ESR/CRP; prolonged PR interval |
| interventions for rheumatic fever | PCN for group A streptococcal pharyngitis |
| signs of scleroderma | pitting edema; tight shiny thick & hard skin; stiff musc; dysphagia; contractures |
| complications of scleroderma | renal crisis = causing HTN to vssl leading to kidney --> kidney dmg |
| interventions for scleroderma | early recognition & tx of renal crisis; encourage activity as tolerated; Admin corticosteroids; provide small, freq meals; avoid GI irritants; sit 1-2H post meals |
| mild SLE affects | skin, musc, joints |
| severe SLE affects | kidneys, heart, lungs, bld vssls, CNS |
| signs of SLE | flares & remission periods: butterfly rash; increased ESR & CRP (>30); photosensitiviy; red palms; anemia |
| complications of SLE | lupus nephritis = increased BUN (>20) |
| interventions for SLE | mild soap; freq PO care; High vitamin & Fe diet; avoid direct sunlight; Avoid physical & emotional stress |
| drugs for SLE | topical corticosteroids & immunodulators influenza & pneumococcal vaccines |
| inerventions for polyarthritis nodosa | mild soap; freq PO care; High vitamin & Fe diet; avoid direct sunlight; Avoid physical & emotional stress |
| drugs for polyarthritis nodosa | topical corticosteroids & immunodulators influenza & pneumococcal vaccines |
| what is polyarthritis nodosa | collagen disease that forms systemic vasculitis |
| sjorgen syndrome = | chronic autoimmune disorder affected salivary & lacrimal glands |
| signs of sjorgen syndrome | dry eyes (xeropthalmia) & dry mouth (xerostomia) everything is dry |
| interventions for sjorgen syndrome | OTC/ prescribed drops for eyes; goggles for windy days; sugarless gum or candy for dry mouth; lube for vag dryness; lukewarm water & mild soap; avoid low humidity env't; use humidifiers' avoid decongestants, PO irritants, acidic drinks |
| complication of thrombocytopenia | bleeding |
| interventions for thrombocytopenia | soft bristle toothbrushes; low-impact activity; stool softeners & laxative; use electrical razors; Avoid NSAIDS |
| analgesics for thrombocytopenia | acetaminophen & opiates |
| platelet count for thrombocytopenia | <150k/mm3 |
| interventions for infective endocarditis | monitor temp regularly @ home (if persistent elevated temps = ineffective Abx or complications & notify HCP) IV Abx for 4-6wks via PICC |
| complications for infective endocarditis | embolization |
| antiviral meds for influenza | zanamivir & oseltamivir |
| complication of c.diff | hypovolemia d/t low Na, K & high BUN |
| intervention for c.diff | fluid resus & EL replacement |
| signs of herpes simplex virus | tingling/itch/burns; sores = fluid-filled blisters; flu-like symptoms; swollen lymph nodes; urinating probs; eye infx |
| antivirals do what for HSV | shorten duration & severity of active lesions |
| interventions for HSV | lesions kept dry & clean (warm water & soap) X banadages |
| pt ed for HSV regarding active lesions | ABSTINENCE then condoms during dormancy |
| what is the incubatioin period for varicella-zoster? | 13-17 days |
| when an pt had chickenpox as a child, is there a risk of shingles? | yes, reactivation happens when immune system is compromised |
| interventions for varicella-zoster | vaccination rash - cover area to decrease spread droplet/airborne acyclovir |
| what is west nile virus | mosquito-borne disease (summer > winter) |
| education for west nile virus | insect repellent; long sleeves, long pants & light colours; avoid outdoors @ dusk & dawn |
| when does a postop infx usually manifest | 3-7 days postop |
Created by:
mr.kairos
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