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Immunology
Uworld
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What occurs in the germinal centers of lymph nodes? | Isotype switching (from IgM to other types) |
| The inflammation in type IV HS reactions is mediated by> | T lymphocytes Through cytokine release, CD8+ cytotoxicity and macrophage recruitment. |
| The presence of anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies in the serum without detectable viral antigens indicates> | Recovery from Hepatitis B infection. |
| Antibodies present in patients vaccinated against HB | HBsAb |
| Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction | Usually mild, occur >24 hours post transfusion in patients previously exposed to a minor RBC antigen. |
| Inactivated, killed or component viral vaccines prevent> Type of response> | Viral entry into the cell Humoral response |
| Live attenuated viral vaccines> Type of response> | Kill virally infected cells Strong cell-mediated response (+humoral immunity) |
| Immunosuppressants that work by inhibiting Calcineurin> | Cyclosporin and tacrolimus |
| Is an essential protein in the activation of IL-2 which promotes the growth and differentiation of T cells | Calcineurin |
| Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) proteins are necessary for> | Loading of cytoplasmic proteins into MHC complex class I molecules. |
| Elevated blood glucose effects on a healing wound> | Glucose stimulates release of ROS and proinflamatory cytokines, inhibition of production of anti-inflamatory cytokines like IL-10 and growth factors needed for fibroblast proliferation and reepithelization. |
| Reactive, atypical lymphocytes Diagnostic of> | Activated, pathogen specific cytotoxic T cells or NK cells that form in response to certain intracellular infections. Contain cytotoxic granules composed of perforin. EBV |
| Immunoglobin inclusions | Can be seen in plasma cell malignancies like MM |
| Negative selection of T cell maduration> Where does it take place? | Process of elimination of T cells that bind with overly high affinity to self MHC or self antigens. Thymic medulla |
| Positive T cell selection is responsible for> | Development of a T cell repertoire that can recognize itself. |
| They bind to the invariant region of the MHC II complex of APCs without being processed or internalized> | Superantigens TSS |
| Endotoxin can cause rapid onset fever and hypotension due to activation of> | Toll like receptors (TLRs) on cells of the innate immune system |
| This vaccine is poorly immunogenic in children due to their immature humoral antibody response> | Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine |
| This vaccines cause a strong immune response in children due to recruitment of both B and T cells. | Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines |
| Hyperacute transplant rejection is caused by> | Preformed antibodies in the recipient that recognize and attack donor antigens. Often anti-ABO or anti-HLA antibodies. |
| Mutations of this receptor prevents apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders like SLE | Fas/ Fas ligand |
| Many types of cancer evade immunodetection by increasing expression of> | Programed cell death ligand 1 (PD1) It downregulates immune response by inhibiting cytotoxic T cells. |
Created by:
Laymar
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