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cell membrane
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the cell membrane? | Maintains chemical composition by regulating what goes in/out, composed of lipids and proteins |
| What is the fluid mosaic model? | phospholipid bilayer with cholesterols and membrane proteins. hydrophobic tails face each other in water-free space, heads face watery regions. |
| What are the types of passive transport? | simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| What is the concentration gradient? | where areas move from high to low concentrations |
| What is simple diffusion? | hydrophobic substances (i.e. CO2, O, cholesterol) move from high to low concentration |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | non-hydrophobic substances (can't interact with oily barrier) move from high to low concentration through protein channels that open/close |
| What is osmosis? | water moves from low to high concentration through water channels (osmoreceptros) - because concentration refers to solute concentration* |
| What does hypotonic mean? | the medium that is hypotonic has a relatively lower concentration |
| What does hypertonic mean? | the medium that is hypertonic has a relatively higher concentration |
| What happens when the environment is hypertonic? | water flows out of the cell, cell shrinks |
| What happens when the environment is hypotonic? | water flows in, cell swells and bursts |
| What does isotonic mean? | both mediums have the same concentration level, zero net flow |
| What is active transport? | uses energy to move solutes from low to high concentration. it relies on membrane proteins |
| What is large particle transport? | method by which large items are moved across cell membrane (into or out of the cell) |
| What are the types of large particle transport? | into - endocytosis, out of - exocytosis |
| What is endocytosis? | cell takes in particle by surrounding and engulfing it within a vesicle. |
| What are the types of endocytosis? | phago (solid), pino (fluid) |
| What is phagocytosis? | cell takes in large solid food particles that it then digests. |
| What is pinocytosis? | cell takes in drops of cellular fluid containing dissolved nutrients |
| What is exocytosis? | particle in vesicle in cell is released to outside by fusing vesicle with cell membrane |