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Ch 13
Intravenous Therapy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ABO system | method by which blood is identified as one of four blood types: A, B, AB, or O |
| Albumin | a large plasma protein that does not normally move across semipermeable membranes like those in capillaries -most abundant protein in plasma |
| Blood products | components extracted from blood and administered to clients who need specific blood substances but not all the fluid and cellular components in whole blood |
| Blood substitutes | fluid emulsion, a mixture of two liquids, one of which is insoluble but remains dispersed in the other, that carries and distributes oxygen to cells, tissues, and organs. |
| Central venous sites | those that deliver solutions into a large central vein, such as the superior vena cava |
| Coagulopathies | bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors |
| Colloid solutions | solutions containing water and molecules of suspended substances such as blood cells and blood products |
| Drop factors | ratio of drops to millimeter delivered by tubing in the administration of IV solution |
| Drop size | volume of IV fluid determined by the opening in the tubing |
| Electronic infusion device | machine that regulates and monitors the administration of IV solutions |
| Emulsion | mixture of two liquids, one of which is insoluble in the other: when combined, the two are distributed throughout the mixture as small, undissolved droplets |
| Hypertonic solution | solution that is more concentrated than body fluid and draws fluid into the intravascular compartment from the more dilute areas within the cells and interstitial spaces |
| Hypotonic solution | solution that contains fewer dissolved in comparison with plasma and is effective in rehydrating clients experiencing fluid deficits |
| Infusion pump | device that exerts positive pressure to infuse IV solutions and adjusts the pressure according to the resistance it meets |
| In-line filter | device that removes air bubbles as well as undissolved drugs, bacteria, and large molecules from an infusing solution |
| Intravenous (IV) therapy | parenteral administration of fluids and additives into a vein |
| Isotonic solution | solution containing the same concentration of dissolved substances normally found in plasma -used to maintain fluid balance when clients temporarily cannot eat or drink |
| Macrodrip tubing | intravenous tubing that releases large-sized drops of IV solution |
| Medication lock | sealed chamber that allows intermittent access to a vein |
| Microdrip tubing | intravenous tubing that releases small-sized drops of IV solution |
| Midline catheter | peripherally inserted venous access device inserted from just above or below the antecubital area in the basilic, cephalic, or median cubital vein until the tip rests in the upper arm just short of the axilla |
| Oxygen therapeutics | blood substitute that carries and distributes oxygen to cells, tissues, and organs |
| Packed cells | blood solution that has most of the plasma (fluid) removed: used for clients who need cellular replacements but do not need and may be harmed by the administration of additional fluid |
| Peripheral venous sites | superficial veins of the arm and hand -most common sites for infusing IV fluids |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| Plasma | liquid, or serum, portion of blood that does not contain blood cells |
| Plasma expanders | non blood solutions that pull fluid into the vascular space and are used as an economical and virus-free substitute for blood and blood products |
| Platelets | cell-like structures within blood that aggregate (clump together) and release chemicals that produce fibrin at the site of an injury |
| Pressure infusion sleeve | device wrapped around an IV solution bag that exerts a squeezing action to facilitate rapid infusion |
| Primary tubing | long tubing used to administer a large volume of IV solution over an extended period or a small volume through a medication lock |
| Rh factor | protein surface marker on red blood cells |
| Salvaged blood | blood collected and reinfused during surgery or shortly thereafter |
| Secondary tubing | short intravenous tubing used to administer smaller volumes of solution through a port in the primary tubing |
| Thrombus formation | development of a blood clot |
| Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | hypertonic parenteral solution consisting of nutrients designed to meet nearly all of the caloric and nutritional needs of clients who are severely malnourished or cannot consume food or liquids for a long time |
| Universal donors | person with type O blood |
| Universal recipients | person with type AB blood |
| Unvented tubing | type of intravenous tubing that does not draw air into a container of solution -used for solutions packaged in plastic bags |
| Venipuncture | method for gaining access to the venous system by piercing a vein with one of various devices |
| Vented tubing | intravenous tubing that draws air into a container of solution -used for administering solutions packaged in glass containers to facilitate their flow |
| Volumetric controller | device that infuses IV solutions using gravity and compressing the tubing at a certain frequency to infuse the solution at a precise preset rate |
| Whole blood | solution containing blood cells and plasma with preservative and anticoagulant added |
| Y-administration tubing | intravenous tubing used to administer whole blood or packed cells that contains two branches: one for blood and one for isotonic (normal) saline |
| IV therapy may be indicated by which circumstances? | -rapid drug effect required -PO is restricted -client cannot swallow -impaired GI absorption -continuous therapeutic blood level is desired |
| Examples of Isotonic solutions: | -0.9% saline (NS) -5% dextrose in water (D5W) -Ringer's solution (Lactated Ringer's) |
| Examples of Hypotonic solutions: | -0.45% sodium chloride (half-strength saline) -5% dextrose in 0.45% saline |
| Examples of Hypertonic solutions: | -10% dextrose in water (D10W) -3% saline -20% dextrose in water |
| When are Crystalloid solutions used? | used when there is need for the concentration to influence the osmotic distribution of body fluid |
| When are Colloid solutions used? | used to replace circulating blood volume because the suspended molecules in the solutions pull fluid from other fluid compartments of the body |
| When is whole blood used? | when the client needs fluid restoration and blood cells |
| Which clients are packed cells preferred for? | -who need cellular replacement but may be harmed by additional fluid -examples: clients with adequate oral intake of fluid & clients at risk for heart & renal failure |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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