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Chapter 7
Control of microbial growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| removing ALL living microorganisms is known as | sterilization |
| disinfection is when you : | remove or destroy VEGETATIVE pathogens |
| antisepsis | removes pathogens from LIVING tissue |
| lowering microbial counts on eating utensils is known as | sanitization |
| bacteriostasis | INHIBITING, not killing microbes |
| biocide/germicide: | kills microbes (not including endospores) |
| degerming | removes microbes from LIMITED area mechanical removal vs killing the bacteria |
| what is the pattern or rate of microbial death after treatment with an anti-microbial agent? | 90% of bacteria are killed each minute |
| what influence the effectiveness of microbial agents? | # of microbes. environment. time of exposure. microbial characteristics. |
| what effects do anti-microbial agents have on cellular structures? | alteration of plasma membrane. (damage causes contents to leak into surrounding medium which interferes w/ growth) damage to proteins and nucleic acids. |
| what does the disk diffusion measure? | efficacy of chemical agent. clear zone indications inhibition of growth |
| in disk diffusion measure, the larger the zone of inhibition --> | more effective the microbial agent |
| why are preservatives added to food? | slows spoilage |
| nitrite prevents ___ | endospore germination |
| organic acids inhibits ___ | metabolism. controls mold and bacteria in foods |
| what prevents cheese spoilage? | antibiotics |
| most resistant microorganisms? | prions. endospores. mycobacteria |
| least resistant microorganism | viruses w/ lipid envelopes |
| how does an autoclave control microbial control growth? | pressurized steam to kill microbes and their spores (when we increase pressure..water boils at a very high temp) |
| phenols and phenolics | disrupts plasma membrane - results in leakage of contents |
| phenols are used as | throat lozenges --> local anesthetic |
| this derivative of phenol is found in lysol | phenolic |
| bisphenols | disrupts plasma membrane. antibacterial soaps/lotions - used w. newborns |
| used for surgical hand scrub | biguanides |
| alcohols kills: | fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses |
| iodine is: | effective against most spore, fungi, bacteria and viruses |
| this halogen is used for bleach | chlorine |
| what role does alcohol have in disinfectants | denatures protein, dissolves liquids, requires water |
| this type of disinfectant inactivates proteins by cross linking with functional groups... | aldehydyes - used for medical equipment |
| low temperatures ___ microbial growth | inhibits |
| high pressure ___ proteins | denatures |
| dessication | microorganisms cannot grow or reproduce w/o water |
| microwaves, a type of radiation...kills ____- | vegetative pathogens |
| ionizing radiation (gamma, xrays and electron beams) are known to | destruct DNA, removes water to release OH- |
| nonionizing radiation (UV 260nm) | damages DNA |
| dry heat kills by | oxidation effects (hot air sterilization high temp oven) |
| pasteurization is a mild heating that reduces spoilage of organisms and kills pathogens. what is the high temp and ultra high temp time? | high temp: 72C for 15sec ultra high temp: 140C for <1sec |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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