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EVOLUTION
SLHS UNIT 5 EVOLUTION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the idea that novel heritable traits arise in populations and are passed on from generation to generation. Over time, traits help an organism to reproduce in greater numbers to become a SPECIES | Darwin's theory of evolution |
| the mechnism of evolution. Surviving individuals have a variation that gives them an advantage in competition of resources. Organisms with favourable variations survive and reproduce at a greater rate | Natural selection |
| Fossils, homologous structures, comparative anatomy, vestigial organs, embyronic development | Ideas that support the theory of evolution |
| Provides a look at the past: relative ages based on position - lower fossils are older. You are able to see changes in organisms over time | Fossils |
| similarity in structure between different species indicates that species have evolved from a common ancestor. Ex. human, cat, whale and bat us limbs for different functions yet they are made of the same bones | Homologous structures |
| 2 unrelated species will evolve similar characteristics independent of one another ex. Bird wings and fly's wings | Convergent evolution |
| organs with no apparent function in an organism. organism has evolved in such a way that it doesn' require the organ anymore. | Vestigial organs |
| Early stages of development of animals look very similar. | Embryonic development |
| Unrelated species evolving to become more and more alike due to similar environment. ex. north american cactus and African Europhobia tree. | Convergent evolution |
| Process of 2 or more species becoming more and more dissimilar. | Divergent evolution |
| Joint change of 2 species in close interaction ex. plants and animals. both organisms have adaptions to make their relationship more fitting. Mutualistic/symbiotic relationship | Co-evolution |
| The formation of a new species due to natural selection. | Speciation |
| Closely related organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring. | Species |
| suggested that organisms evolved by the process of adaption within 1 generation & those adaptations or changes in an individual can be passed from parent to offspring | Lamarck |
| they differed in beaks and feeding habitats. He believed it was evolution | What did Darwin observed in the finch species? |
| organism produce more offspring than the environment can support; they vary in many characteristics; these variations can be inherited | What did Darwin observed? |
| individual best suited for an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those less adapted; indiv. w/favorable characteristics increases; pop. gradually change to environment | What did Darwin concluded? |
| Published the book Origin of Species | Charles Darwin |
| the differential reproduction of genotypes caused by factors in the environ. leads to change through time = evolution | Natural Selection - define it |
| individual produce more offspring than can survive, resources are limited | Step 1 in natural selection |
| individual vary in many traits (random mutation leads to genetic variability) | Step 2 in natural selection |
| variation is often passed to offspring | Step 3 in natural selection |
| individ. w/traits that are more suited (adpated) to their environ. are more successful at passing their traits on to next generation | Step 4 in natural selection |
| over time, favorable alleles become more frequent & disadvantage alleles become less frequent | Step 5 in natural selection |
| when human chose organisms with specific characteristics as breeding stock, they are performing the role of the environ. | What is artificial selection |
| Believed that evolution occurs as a result of natural selection because of his observations on the Indonesian Islands. | Wallace |
Created by:
rrosset
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