Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH 22-24
Cardiovascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angiocardiography | diagnostic procedure in which a radiopaque dye is injected into a vein and its course through the heart is recorded by a series of radiographic pictures taken in rapid succession |
| Aortic valve | heart valve (opening) between the left ventricle and aorta that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle after the heart contracts |
| Aortography | diagnostic procedure that detects aortic abnormalities such as aneurysms and arterial occlusions by injecting contrast medium and taking radiographic films of the abdominal aorta and major arteries in the legs |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood |
| Arteriography | diagnostic procedure that involves instilling dye, referred to as contrast medium, into an artery |
| Arterioles | smallest oxygen-carrying blood vessels |
| Atria | upper chambers of the heart |
| Atrioventricular (AV) valves | openings between the atria and ventricles |
| Baroreceptors | stretch receptors in aortic arch & carotid sinus signal brain to release ADH when blood volume decreases, systolic bp falls, or right atrium is underfilled, & to suppress ADH when blood volume increases, systolic bp rises, or right atrium is overfilled |
| Bicuspid valve | opening between the left atrium and left ventricle -also known as mitral valve |
| Capillaries | blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules |
| Cardiac catheterization | diagnostic test performed in an operative setting during which a catheter is inserted from a peripheral blood vessel in the groin, arm, or neck into one of the great vessels and then into the heart |
| Cardiac cycle | sequence of electrical and mechanical events in the atria and ventricles that result in a heartbeat |
| Cardiac output | volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute |
| Chemoreceptors | structures that are sensitive to the pH, CO2, and oxygen in the blood and regulate sympathetic nervous system stimulation or inhibition |
| Conduction system | neural tissue that sustains the electrical activity of the heart |
| Coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to cardiac muscles |
| Coronary veins | blood vessels that carry blood containing carbon dioxide into the coronary sinus in the right atrium |
| Coronary ostia | openings to the coronary arteries |
| Depolarization | stage in electrophysiology when positive ions move inside the myocardial cell membranes and the negative ions move outside |
| Diastolic blood pressure | arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation |
| Echocardiography | diagnostic procedure, uses ultrasound waves to determine functioning of left ventricle & to detect cardiac tumors, congenital defects, & changes in tissue layers of the heart |
| Electrocardiography | graphic recording of the electrical currents generated by the heart muscle |
| Endocardium | innermost layer of the heart |
| Epicardium | inner serous layer of the pericardium -visceral pericardium |
| Exercise electrocardiography | diagnostic test that images electrical activity of heart while client walks on treadmill, pedals a stationary bicycle, or climbs up & down stairs -also known as stress test |
| Inferior vena cava | large blood vessel that delivers unoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | diagnostic tool identifies disorders that affect many different structures in the body without performing surgery: magnetic field excites hydrogen atoms within body creating radio signal that is converted to image on a computer monitor |
| Mediastinum | portion of the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea and major blood vessels |
| Mitral valve | opening between the left atrium and left ventricle -also known as bicuspid valve |
| Myocardium | muscle layer of the heart |
| Pericardium | saclike structure that surrounds and supports the heart |
| Polarization | stage during diastole when positive ions predominate outside myocardial cell membranes and negative ions predominate inside |
| Pulmonary artery | only artery that carries deoxygenated blood -branches to deliver venous blood to the right and left lung |
| Pulmonic valve | opening between the right ventricle of the heart and the pulmonary artery |
| Pulse deficit | difference between the apical and radial heart rates |
| Refractory period | time in diastole during which cells are resistant to electrical stimulation |
| Repolarization | stage in cardiac electrophysiology when ions realign themselves in their original position and wait for an electrical impulse |
| Sarcopenia | condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and function |
| Buerger's disease | inflammation of blood vessels associated with clot formation & fibrosis of blood vessel wall primarily in small arteries and veins of the legs |
| Cardiac tamponade | compression of the heart with blood that accumulates within the pericardium |
| Cardiomyopathy | chronic condition characterized by structural changes in the heart muscle |
| Chorea | characterized by jerky involuntary movements and an inability to use skeletal muscles in a coordinated manner |
| Decortication | surgical removal of the pericardium to allow more adequate filling and contraction of the heart chambers |
| Deep vain thrombosis | inflammation of a vein deep in the lower extremities accompanied by clot or thrombus formation |
| Effusion | accumulation of fluid within two layers of tissue |
| Emboli | moving mass of particles, either solid or gas, within the bloodstream |
| Impedance plethysmography | test for diagnosing clots within deep veins by recording blood volume in arm or leg before & after inflating a blood pressure cuff to stop venous blood flow |
| Infective endocarditis | inflammation of the inner layer of heart tissue as a result of an infectious microorganism |
| Intermittent claudication | leg pain with exercise |
| Janeway lesions | small, painless, red-blue macular sores |
| Murmur | atypical heart sound |
| Myocardial disarray | alteration in the usual alignment of myofibrils |
| Myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium - (muscle layer of heart) |
| Myofibrils | contractile component of muscle tissue |
| Osler's nodes | purplish, painful nodules in the pads of the fingers, toes, palms, & soles of feet -indicative of bacterial endocarditis |
| Pericardiectomy | surgical removal of the pericardium to allow more adequate filling and contraction of the heart chambers |
| Pericardiocentesis | needle aspiration of fluid from between the visceral and parietal pericardium |
| Pericardiostomy | procedure in which a surgical opening is made in the pericardium to drain fluid |
| Pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| Petechiae | tiny reddish hemorrhagic spots on the skin and mucous membranes |
| Polyarthritis | inflammation of more than one joint |
| Postphlebitic syndrome | vascular complication that occurs up to 5 years after treatment of thrombophlebitis |
| Precordial pain | pain in the anterior chest overlying the heart |
| Pulmonary embolus | thrombus that migrates to the pulmonary circulation |
| Pulsus paradoxus | assessment finding characterized by a difference of 10mm Hg or more between the first Korotkoff sound heralding systolic blood pressure heard during expiration and the first that is heard during inspiration |
| Rheumatic carditis | inflammatory cardiac manifestations of rheumatic fever in either the acute or later stage |
| Roth's spots | white areas in the retina surrounded by areas of hemorrhage |
| Sequelae | pathological condition resulting from disease, injury, therapy, or other trauma |
| Splinter hemorrhages | black longitudinal lines in the nails |
| Sympathectomy | procedure that interrupts or suppresses some portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway |
| Syncope | sudden loss of consciousness |
| Thrombectomy | surgical removal of a thrombus (clot) |
| Thromboangitis obliterans | inflammation of blood vessels associated with clot formation and fibrosis of the blood vessel wall |
| Thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot or thrombus formation |
| Vegetations | accumulation of inflammatory debris around the valve leaflets of the heart in rheumatic carditis |
| Vena caval filter | surgically inserted umbrella-like sieve used to trap emboli before they reach the heart and lungs |
| Vena caval plication | surgical procedure that changes the lumen of the vena cava from a single channel to several small channels through the use of a suture or Teflon clip |
| Venography | procedure that uses radiopaque dye instilled into the venous system to identify a filling defect in the area of a clot |
| Ventriculomyomectomy | procedure involving the removal of thickened myocardial muscle from the septum |
| Virchow's triad | three factors that contribute to formation of thrombi -slow circulation, alternated blood coagulation, & trauma to the vein |
| Aortic regurgitation | backward flow of blood that occurs when the aortic valve does not close tightly |
| Aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aortic valve's opening when its cusps become stiff and rigid |
| Arrhythmia | erratic heart rhythm or rate that is too fast or slow -sometimes referred to as dysrhythmias |
| Balloon valvuloplasty | invasive, nonsurgical procedure to enlarge narrowed heart valve using deflated balloon threaded through peripheral blood vessel into stenotic valve, then inflated to stretch opening |
| Commissures | area where the cusps of a cardiac valve contact each other |
| Dysrhythmia | conduction disorder results in abnormally slow or rapid heart rate or rate that does not proceed through the conduction system in the usual manner |
| Mitral regurgitation | backward flow of blood that occurs when the mitral valve does not close completely -also known as mitral insufficiency |
| Mitral stenosis | disorder in which the mitral valve does not open sufficiently to facilitate filling of the left ventricle |
| Mitral valve prolapse | disorder in which the mitral valve cusps enlarge, become floppy, and bulge backward into the left atrium |
| Mitral valve prolapse syndrome | cluster of symptoms associated with autonomic NS dysfunction in which changes in mitral valve tissue layers cause its cusps to distend, stretching the papillary muscles and leading to valvular incompetence |
| Point of maximum impulse | place on the chest wall where heart pulsations are most strongly felt |
| Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) | minimally invasive procedure in which a catheter traverses the aortic valve, diseased leaflets are opened via an inflated balloon, and a replacement valve is inserted |
| Valvular incompetence | condition in which the aortic valve does not close tightly |
| Valvular regurgitation | leaking of blood backward through a valve that does not close tightly |
| Water-hammer pulse | assessment finding characterized as strong radial pulse with quick, sharp beats followed by a sudden collapse of force |
| Commissurotomy | surgical technique to separate the fused valve leaflets |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
Popular Nursing sets