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Electricity
102.9 & 102.10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electricity | A form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes. |
| Electric Current | The flow of electrons that moves along a path called a conductor. |
| Load | The technical name for any electrically powered appliance. |
| Conductor | A material that allows electricity to flow through it easily. |
| Insulator | Material that does not allow the flow of electric current. |
| Amp | a Unit of electric strength |
| Volt | A unit of electric pressure. |
| Ohm | A unit of electric resistance. |
| Watt | A measure of how much electrical energy ( power) is being used per second. |
| Kilowatt | Equals 1,000 watts of electrical energy; measurement of how fast energy is used. |
| Electrons | Negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom. |
| Inverter | Special instrument that changes direct current to alternating current. |
| Rectifier | Special instrument that changes alternating current to direct current. |
| alternating current (AC) | Electrons flow first in one direction and then in the other. |
| direct current (DC) | Electrons move at an even rate and flow in one direction. |
| Source | Provides the force to move the electrons in the conducting material. |
| Battery | A source of electrical current with a positive and negative terminal; produces direct current only. |
| Generator | Power source most often used in a salon; produces alternating current; uses mechanical energy to produce a flow of electrons. |
| Frequency (Hertz) | A rating providing the number of cycles per second that a generator alternates the current from the source. |
| Circuit | Flow of electrons along a path called a conductor. |
| closed path | A path of electron flow from the source to operate appliance. |
| open circuit | A broken path of electron flow. |
| parallel wiring | Wiring system with the ability to power several loads all a once or at different times. |
| series wiring | Travels from one load to the next forcing the user to have all loads running at the same time. |
| Overload | The passage of more current than the line can carry. |
| short circuit | Occurs anytime a foreign conductor comes into contact with a wire carrying current to the load ( appliance). |
| circuit breaker | Reusable safety device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs. |
| Fuse | A safety device that contains a fine metal wire that allows current to flow through it. |
| ground fault circuit interrupter | Outlet recommended for installation in any area where water and electricity could come into contact. |
| Resistance | The measure of how difficult it is to push electrons through a conductor. |
| UL rating | Underwriter’s Laboratory designation; means the appliance had been certified to operate safely under the conditions the instructions specify. |
| Electrotherapy | The use of a specific electrical current or piece of equipment for corrective and therapeutic benefits on the skin. |
| Electrode | Safe contact point through which current can pass to the client. |
| galvanic current | A direct current (DC) that has a electrochemical effect and is the oldest form of electrotherapy in the salon. |
| EMS current | An alternating current, interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction. Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue. |
| Microcurrent | An alternating current with a mechanical effect, that produce muscle contractions; also known as sinusoidal current. |
| high-frequency current | Alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produces heat; also known as Tesla or the “violet ray.” |
| light therapy | The production of beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves. |
| infrared light | Produces heat; over half of sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond red. |
| ultraviolet light (UV) | The percentage of natural sunlight composed of invisible rays beyond violet. |
| Anode | A positively charged electrode; usually red in color or displays a large “P” or a positive sign (+). |
| Cathode | A negatively charged electrode; usually black in color or displays a large “N” or a negative sign (-). |
| Phoresis | The process of forcing an acid (+) of alkali (-) into the skin by applying current to the chemical; also referred to as bleaching the skin. |
| Anaphoresis | Negative pole of galvanic current that produces an alkaline reaction. |
| Cataphoresis | Positive pole of galvanic current that produces an acidic reaction. |
| Iontophoresis | A process that uses galvanic current to infuse (acidic) water-based products for deeper penetration into the skin. |
| Desincrustation | A treatment in which sebum is broken down or blackheads are liquefied, as in deep-pore cleansing. |
| indirect method | Most frequently used application of EMS. Salon professional usually wears a wristband with a moistened electrode. |
| direct method | Places both electrodes on the client’s skin, making certain the electrodes never touch. |
| general electrification | Method in which the salon professional hands the electrode to the client before activating the current. |
| visible light | The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum humans can see. |
| white light | The visible light that can be broken into its individual wavelengths by a prism. |
| Wavelengths | Measurement of waves from the crest of one to the crest of the next. |
| fluorescent light | Creates blue tones or cool casts in the objects it lights. |
| incandescent light | Produces redder tones or warmer casts in the objects it lights. |
| LED Light | Have a lifespan and electrical efficiency that is several times better than incandescent and fluorescent lamps. |
| invisible light | Range of light the human eye cannot see. |
Created by:
jillianrush.aveda
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