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Exam 2 Adult Health
Respiratory 19, 20, 21
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rhinitis | inflammation of nasal mucous membranes |
| Coryza | common cold |
| Rhinorrhea | clear nasal discharge |
| Sinusitis | -also known as rhinosinusitis- inflammation of the sinuses |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the throat -often associated with rhinitis |
| Tonsilitis | inflammation of the tonsils |
| Adenoiditis | inflammation of the adenoids |
| Tonsillectomy | operative removal of the tonsils |
| Adenoidectomy | operative removal of the adenoids |
| Peritonsillar abscess | abscess that develops the connective tissue between the capsule of the tonsil and the constrictor muscle of the pharynx |
| Laryngitis | inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the larynx |
| Epistaxis | nosebleed |
| Deviated septum | irregularity in the septum that results in nasal obstruction |
| Nasal polyps | grape-like swellings that arise from the nasal mucous membranes |
| Hypertrophied turbinates | enlargements of the nasal conchae, three bones that project from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity |
| Rhinoplasty | reconstruction of the nose |
| Stridor | high-pitched, harsh sound during respiration, indicative of airway obstruction |
| Hemoptysis | expectoration of bloody sputum |
| Tracheostomy | surgical opening into the trachea |
| Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) | characterized by recurrent and frequent episodes of upper airway obstruction and reduced ventilation |
| Apnea | cessation of breathing |
| Central sleep apnea | not a result of obstruction but rather occurs because the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe |
| Complex sleep apnea | combination of central & obstructive sleep apnea. |
| Polysomnography | consists of tests that monitor the client's respiratory and cardiac status while asleep |
| CPAP | provides constant airway pressure during inspiration and expiration |
| Bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) | provides two levels of pressure: inspiratory and expiratory airway pressures |
| Esophageal speech | requires regurgitation of swallowed air and formation of words with lips -voice quality will be lower pitched and gruff sounding but more natural |
| Artificial (electric) larynx | throat vibrator held against the neck that projects sound into the mouth -words are formed with the mouth -resulting voice sounds mechanical |
| Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) | surgical opening in posterior wall of trachea, followed by insertion of prosthesis -air from lungs is diverted through the opening in the posterior tracheal wall to the esophagus and out of the mouth |
| Tracheotomy | surgical procedure that makes an opening into the trachea |
| Laryngospasm | spasm of the laryngeal muscles, resulting in narrowing of the larynx |
| Adenoids | lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx that protect the body from infection |
| Alveoli (sing. alveolus) | small, clustered sac that begins where the bronchioles end and is the location for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Bronchi (sing. bronchus) | one of two main branches of the trachea |
| Bronchioles | smaller subdivisions of bronchi |
| Carina | lower part of the trachea |
| Cilia | hair-like processes whose action moves substances like mucus to prevent irritation to and contamination of the lower airway |
| Diaphragm | muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| Diffusion | process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange through the alveolar-capillary membrane |
| Epiglottis | cartilaginous valve flap that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing |
| Ethmoidal sinuses | honeycomb of small spaces contained in the ethmoid bone, located between the eyes |
| Frontal sinuses | bony cavities that lie within the frontal bone that extends above the orbital cavities |
| Glottis | opening between the vocal cords and |
| Hilus | entrance of the bronchi to the lungs |
| Interstitium | structure that lies between the alveoli and contains the pulmonary capillaries and elastic connective tissue |
| Larynx | cartilaginous framework between the pharynx and the trachea whose primary function is to produce sound; it also protects the lower airway from foreign objects because of its ability to facilitate coughing |
| Lungs | paired elastic structures enclosed by the thoracic cage that contain the alveoli |
| Maxillary sinuses | cavities on either side of the nose in the maxillary bones; they are the largest sinuses and the most accessible to treatment |
| Mediastinum | portion of the thoracic cavity that contains the trachea and major blood vessels |
| Nasal septum | wall that divides the internal nose into two cavities |
| Nasopharynx | part of the pharynx that is near the nose and above the soft palate |
| Oropharynx | part of the pharynx that is near the mouth |
| Paranasal sinuses | extension of the nasal cavity located in the surrounding facial bones |
| Parietal pleura | saclike serous membrane that is the outer layer of the lungs |
| Perfusion | supplying blood to the cells, tissues, or organs |
| Pharynx | body structure that carries air from the nose to the larynx, and food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| Pleura | saclike serous membrane located around the lung |
| Pleural space | area containing serous fluid that separates and lubricates the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| Respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmospheric air and the blood and between the blood and the cells |
| Sphenoidal sinuses | bony cavities that lie behind the nasal cavity |
| Thoracentesis | aspiration of excess fluid or air from the pleural space |
| Tonsils | lymphoid structures within the soft palate of the oropharynx whose function is to filter bacteria from tissue fluid |
| Trachea | hollow tube of smooth muscle and supported by C-shaped cartilage transports air from laryngeal pharynx to bronchi and lungs |
| Turbinates (conchae) | bones that change flow of inspired air to moisturize and warm it |
| Ventilation | movement of air into and out of the respiratory tract |
| Visceral pleura | saclike serous membrane that covers the lung surface |
| Vocal cords | folds of tissue within larynx that vibrate and produce sound as air passes through |
| Acute bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the major bronchi and their branches |
| Asbestosis | fibrous inflammation or chronic induration of the lungs caused by the inhalation of asbestos |
| Asthma | reversible obstructive disease of the lower airway characterized by inflammation of the airway and a hyper-responsiveness of the airway to internal or external stimuli |
| Atelactasis | disorder in which alveoli collapse |
| Bronchiectasis | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by chronic infection and irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles |
| Chronic bronchitis | prolonged inflammation of the bronchi, accompanied by a chronic cough and excessive production of mucus for at least 3 months each year for two consecutive years |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | broad, nonspecific term that describes a group of pulmonary diseases with symptoms of chronic cough and expectoration, dyspnea, and impaired expiratory airflow |
| Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) | most common type of pneumonia: client contracts illness in a community setting or within 48 hours of admission to health care facility |
| Cystic fibrosis | multisystem disorder affecting infants, children, & young adults -results from defective autosomal recessive gene: the genetic mutation causes dysfunction of the exocrine glands, involving the mucus-secreting & eccrine sweat glands |
| Emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease characterized by abnormal distention of the alveoli |
| Empyema | collection of pus in a body cavity |
| Flail chest | disorder that occurs when two or more adjacent ribs fracture in multiple places and the fragments are free floating; affects the stability of the chest wall and impairment of chest wall movement |
| Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) | diagnosed in clients who generally reside in LTC facilities or who are on dialysis in outpatient centers |
| Hemoptysis | expectoration of blood or bloody sputum |
| Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) | occurs in more than 48 hours after admission to a hospital -not present when client admitted |
| Influenza | acute respiratory disease of relatively short duration |
| Lobectomy | surgical removal of a lobe of a lung |
| Lung abscess | localized area of pus formation in the lung parenchyma |
| Orthopnea | breathing that is eased by sitting upright -difficulty breathing laying down |
| Pleural effusion | abnormal collection of fluid between visceral and parietal pleurae |
| Pleurisy | acute inflammation of the parietal and visceral pleurae |
| Pneumoconiosis | fibrous inflammation or chronic induration of the lungs after prolonged exposure to dust or gases |
| Pneumonectomy | surgical removal of an entire lung |
| Pneumonia | inflammatory process affecting the bronchioles and alveoli |
| Pneumothrax | air that enters the pleural space causing a lung to collapse |
| Pulmonary hypertension | high pressure within pulmonary circulation |
| Pulmonary contusion | crushing bruise of the lung |
| Pulmonary edema | fluid accumulation in the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs, which interferes with gas exchange in the alveoli |
| Pulmonary embolism | thrombus - blood clot- that migrates to pulmonary circulation |
| Restrictive lung disease | decreased volume of the lungs with an inability to expand completely |
| Segmental resection | surgical removal of a lobe segment of a lung |
| Septicemia | condition resulting from microorganisms escaping the lymph nodes and reaching the blood stream, which may lead to sepsis |
| Silicosis | fibrous inflammation or chronic induration of the lungs caused by the inhalation of silica |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in subcutaneous tissues |
| Thoracotomy | surgical opening of the thorax |
| Tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| Tracheobronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the trachea |
| Tuberculosis | bacterial infectious disease primarily caused by M. tuberculosis |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) | pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after endotracheal intubation |
| Wedge resection | surgical removal of a pie-shaped portion of diseased tissue from a lung |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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