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Cell Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| active transport | movement of dissolved substance across a plasma membrane in an energy-requiring process that results in a net movement of that substance against a concentration gradient from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
| carrier proteins | protein that binds to specific substance and facilitates its movement; may be carrier for lipophilic hormone for transport in the blood; also refers to proteins that facilitate movement across the plasma membrane |
| channel proteins | a type of protein embedded in the cell membrane, providing a hydrophilic passageway for water and small, polar ions |
| endocytosis | bulk movement of solids or liquids into a cell by engulfment |
| exocytosis | When materials leave the cell by the membrane in bulk via a secretory vesicle |
| facilitated diffusion | the passive movement of substances, such as biological molecules or ions, across a plasma membrane by means of a transport protein located in the plasma membrane |
| diffusion | the net passive movement of molecules or particles from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration |
| fluid mosaic model | a model which proposes that the plasma membrane and other intracellular membranes should be considered as two-dimensional fluids in which proteins are embedded |
| glycoprotein | combination formed when a carbohydrate group becomes attached to the exposed part of a trans-membrane protein |
| hydrophilic | refers to substances that dissolve easily in water; also called polar |
| hydrophobic | refers to substances that tend to be insoluble in water; also called non-polar |
| lipophilic | refers to substances that tend to have an affinity for fat |
| lipophobic | refers to substances that do not dissolve in fat; dissolve in water |
| hypertonic | having a higher concentration of dissolved substances than the solution to which it is compared |
| hypotonic | having a lower concentration of dissolved substances than the solution to which it is compared |
| integral proteins | fundamental components of the plasma membrane that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer |
| peripheral proteins | are either anchored to the exterior of the plasma membrane through bonding with lipids or are indirectly associated with the plasma membrane through interactions with integral proteins in the membrane. |
| osmosis | net movement of water across a partially permeable membrane without an input of energy and down a concentration gradient |
| phospholipid | major type of lipid found in plasma membranes |
| pinocytosis | A process of taking in fluid together with its contents into the cell by forming narrow channels through its membrane that pinch off into vesicles |
| plasma membrane | partially permeable boundary of a cell separating it from its physical surroundings; boundary controlling entry to and exit of substances from a cell |
| pumps | special transport proteins embedded across the plasma membrane that carry out the process of active transport |
| selectively permeable | allows some substances to cross but precludes the passage of others |
| simple diffusion | the movement of substances across the phospholipid bilayer from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration of that substance; that is, down its concentration gradient |
| sodium-potassium pump | protein that transports sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients to maintain the differences in their concentrations inside and outside cells |
| trans-membrane | a type of protein found in the plasma membrane that spans the width of the membrane and protrudes on both side |
| vesicle | membrane-bound sac found within a cell, typically fluid-filled; for example, lysosome |
| cytoplasm | formed by cell organelles, excluding the nucleus, and the cytosol |
| protoplasm | The fluid living content of the cell that consists of two major divisions, the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm (cell nucleus) |
| cytosol | fluid contents only of a eukaryotic cell |
| isotonic | having the same concentration of dissolved substances as the solution to which it is compared |
| primary cell wall | the first layer of cellulose and other polysaccharides forming the cell wall outside a newly formed plant cell |
| secondary cell wall | walls of lignin and cellulose deposited on the primary cell wall of some plant cells after cell growth has ceased |
Created by:
mrs-grey
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