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Weathering and Soil
8th grade science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is weathering? | the breaking down of rocks on the Earth’s surface into smaller pieces. -This only happens when rocks are exposed to the rain, wind, freezing, etc. |
| What are the 2 types of weathering? | 1. Mechanical Weathering 2. Chemical Weathering |
| What is Mechanical Weathering? | rocks are broken into smaller pieces without changing the chemical composition of the rocks. Ex. temperature, gravity, wind (abrasion) |
| What is Chemical Weathering? | Rocks are changed chemically into rocks with different properties. Ex. Water, oxidation, acids |
| What determines the rate a rock weathers? (4) | 1. type of rock 2. climate 3.amount of rock exposure 4. surface area |
| What is soil? | The end product of weathering. |
| What is decaying organic material? | (dead plants and animals) that eventually break down into simpler substances. This is called Humus. |
| What are the 2 ingredients in soil? | 1. Weathered rocks 2. Humus |
| What is the horizon? | This is the layers that soil forms. |
| What is a soil profile? | A cross-section of soil that shows distinct horizons Ex. like a piece of layered cake |
| What is erosion? | the process by which weathered rock and soil particles are moved from one place to another. *this carries away the products of weathering |
| What is deposition? | the process by which sediments are laid down in new locations. *think deposit. Where you put something. |
| What are the 5 agents of erosion? | 1. Running Water 2. Waves 3. Wind 4. Glaciers 5. Gravity |
| How does running water affect the Earth's surface? | 1. Evaporation 2.Infiltration 3. Runoff |
| What is capacity? | The soil particles and rock materials carried by a stream |
| What are 3 ways a stream carries materials? | 1. solution- sediment dissolves in water 2.suspension- sediment is picked up and carried. 3. rolling and sliding |
| What does wave erosion depend on? | 1. The size of the waves 2. The type of shoreline rock |
| What is the most active agent of erosion? | Wind |
| What are 2 types of wind erosion? | 1. Deflation 2. Abrasion |
| What is deflation? | wind picks up small, loose particles and carries them long distances |
| What is abrasion? | larger particles roll or bounce along the ground |
| What is a glacier? | a large, slow moving mass of ice and snow. |
| What is something formed by a glacier? | The Great Lakes |
| How does gravity affect erosion? | It is a force that pulls rocks and soil down slopes. |
Created by:
shann1
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