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Dynamics & tone

Core dynamics and tone colour terminology for Music 1 students

TermDefinition
pianissimo (pp) very soft
piano (p) soft
mezzo piano (mp) moderately soft
mezzo forte (mf) moderately loud
forte (f) loud
fortissimo (ff) very loud
subito piano (sub. p) suddenly soft
sforzando (sfz) sudden emphasis, loud accent of one note
ensemble a group of performers eg. choir, orchestra, rock band, string quartet, big band, jazz ensemble etc
consort an instrumental ensemble of the 16th/17th centuries, consisting of same or variety of same instruments eg. recorder consort
membranophone instruments that use the vibration of a skin to generate sound eg. bongos, djembe, snare drum, timpani
idiophone instruments that use the vibration of their body to generate sound eg. triangle, claves, xylophone, chimes
cordophone instruments that use the vibration of strings to generate sound eg. violin, piano, harpsichord, koto, shamisen, banjo
aerophone instruments that use the vibration of air to generate sound eg. pipe organ, harmonica, bagpipes, shakuhachi, clarinet
electrophone instruments that use the vibration of electricity to generate sound eg. theremin, bass guitar, synthesiser
Created by: mhigham
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