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Duration and Pitch

Core duration and pitch terminology for Music 1 students.

TermDefinition
tempo Speed. How fast is the beat/pulse? Use Italian terms to describe.
Lento slow, 45 – 60 bpm
Andante at an easy walking pace, 76 – 108 bpm
Moderato a moderate speed, 108 – 120 bpm
Allegro fast and lively, 120 – 168 bpm
Presto very fast, 168 – 200 bpm
syncopation “off-beat”, shifting the accent to beats that are not usually accented or accenting in between beats (eg. reggae)
ostinato a repeated pattern (can be rhythmic or melodic), usually one or two bars long but must be played more than twice for it to be considered an ostinato
backbeat used in popular music – an accent on beats 2 and 4
rhythm the combination of long and short notes/rests into a set beat/time signature
melody a sequence of single notes that are the main part of the music. The part most remembered.
harmony accompanying pitched notes that are not the main part of the music
drone one long, consistent, unbroken sound with no rhythm, usually low in pitch, longer than 2 bars of semibreves
pentatonic non-Western scale based on 5 notes
atonal no tonality – a piece not based on a scale. Notes sound ‘random’ and difficult to sing along to.
modulation a change of key in a piece
dissonance 2 or more notes played simultaneously that clash, do not sound pleasant
major tonality based on a scale that sounds ‘happy’
minor tonality based on a scale that sounds ‘sad’
blues scale used in jazz as the basis of a melody for a 12 bar blues chord progression
sequence a small fragment of melody repeated consecutively at a higher or lower pitch
range distance between the highest and lowest note in the melody or between instruments in the overall piece
pedal point one pitch repeatedly played in a rhythmic way
melodic riff used in popular music, a melodic ostinato
Created by: mhigham
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