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Social Psychology3
Vocabulary and Other Stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the stiuation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| Foot-in-the-Door | The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
| Cognitive Dissonance | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent |
| Normative Social Influence | Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
| Informational Social Influence | Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
| Social Facilitation | Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered |
| Social Loafing | The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable |
| Deindividuation | The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
| Group Polarization | The enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group |
| Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal |
| Stereotype | A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people |
| Ingroup | "Us"--people with whom ones shares a common identity |
| Scapegoat Theory | The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
| Just-world Phenomenon | The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
| Frustration-Aggression Principle | The principle that frustration--the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal--creates anger, which can generate aggression |
| Conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
| Mere Exposure Effect | The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them |
| Social Exchange Theory | The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction--a strategy designed to decrease international tensions |
| Superordinate Goals | Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| Central Route to Persuasion | Involves being persuaded by the arguments or the content of the message. |
| Peripheral Route to Persuasion | Involves being persuaded in a manner that is not based on the arguments or the message content. For example, the sound of the person's voice who is speaking. |
| Approach-approach Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision where an individual is confronted having to choose between two equally desirable alternatives. |
| Avoidance-avoidance Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision and vacillation when an individual has to choose between two undesirable alternatives. |
| Approach-avoidance Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision and vacillation when an individual is confronted with an event or object that has desirable and undesirable qualities. |
Created by:
clarefitz
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