Vocabulary and Other Stuff
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| Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the stiuation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition
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| Foot-in-the-Door | The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
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| Cognitive Dissonance | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent
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| Normative Social Influence | Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
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| Informational Social Influence | Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
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| Social Facilitation | Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered
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| Social Loafing | The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
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| Deindividuation | The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
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| Group Polarization | The enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group
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| Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal
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| Stereotype | A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people
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| Ingroup | "Us"--people with whom ones shares a common identity
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| Scapegoat Theory | The theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
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| Just-world Phenomenon | The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
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| Frustration-Aggression Principle | The principle that frustration--the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal--creates anger, which can generate aggression
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| Conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
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| Mere Exposure Effect | The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
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| Social Exchange Theory | The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
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| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction--a strategy designed to decrease international tensions
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| Superordinate Goals | Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
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| Central Route to Persuasion | Involves being persuaded by the arguments or the content of the message.
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| Peripheral Route to Persuasion | Involves being persuaded in a manner that is not based on the arguments or the message content. For example, the sound of the person's voice who is speaking.
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| Approach-approach Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision where an individual is confronted having to choose between two equally desirable alternatives.
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| Avoidance-avoidance Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision and vacillation when an individual has to choose between two undesirable alternatives.
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| Approach-avoidance Conflict | A psychological conflict or a situation of indecision and vacillation when an individual is confronted with an event or object that has desirable and undesirable qualities.
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