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636A Part I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biggest differences between brains = | age & education |
| Education prevents _________________ and _____________________. | the brain from deteriorating later in life;creates new synapses |
| The brain is sometimes referred to as the... | "3 pound universe" (single most complex thing we're aware of) |
| Brain vol. is made up mostly of... | glial cells |
| How many neurons are in the brain? | 100 billion |
| How many glial cells are in the brain? | 10x 100 billion |
| Glial cells read signals from... | neurons firing |
| Glial cells are often referred to as... | "sleeping giants" of the brain |
| Neural activity is both _________ and _______________. | electrical; chemical |
| Many drugs we assume impact only our neurons most likely impact _________________ too. | glial cells |
| What is the difference between a neural cell and any other cell? | the DNA "recipe" |
| DNA is... | the blueprint for building things needed to sustain life |
| DNA has a recipe for building ________ and different recipes for building ____________. | neurons; other cells |
| Different DNA recipes call for... | different proteins to be created |
| Protein synthesis refers to... | how DNA creates proteins |
| DNA is a combination of... | sugars, phosphates, cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine |
| What are the 2 pairings in any sample of DNA? | CG; AT |
| How long is a strand of DNA? | millions of base pairings |
| A bigger DNA structure contains... | chromosomes |
| How many chromosomes are there? | 23 pairs (46) |
| Where is DNA located? | in the nucleus |
| DNA opens up in one part then ___________________________, RNA takes the code ______________, and feeds information to _______________________. | gets ready by RNA; out of the nucleus; protein-building cells |
| Part 1 of DNA synthesis is... | TRANSCRIPTION (reading the DNA code) |
| Part 2 of DNA synthesis is... | TRANSLATION (making the protein from the DNA transcript) |
| Where does transcription happen? | in the nucleus (DNA gets a message that a protein needs to be made) |
| Disease comes from... | proteins not working right - building too much or too liittle of certain proteins |
| RNA segments enter the nucleus through... | NUCLEAR PORES |
| _____________ are exposed, and RNA cells align themselves until... | nucleotide bases (e.g. cytosine pairs w/ guanine); the entire strand is filled w/ complementary nucleotides |
| What is the exception to the nucleotide complement rule? | Adenine's RNA complement is URACIL. In RRNA, there is no Thymine; Uracil takes the place of Thymine. |
| How often is DNA opening and closing? | constantly |
| RNA transcript moves out of the _____________ and breaks off the _______________. Next, the DNA strand_______________. | nucleus; DNA; closes up |
| A DNA segment that opens up and gets read/copied is a ____________. | GENE |
| A gene is like an __________________ in the whole cookbook of DNA. | individual recipe |
| LOBES are... | functional areas |
| LOBES describe views... | relative to other parts of the brain. |
| anterior | front |
| posterior | back |
| lateral | towards the side |
| superior | top |
| inferior | bottom |
| medial | towards the middle |
| 3 basic anatomical cuts through a brain: | 1. CORONAL (most common) (crown) (like slicing bread) (front to back); HORIZONTAL (parallel to table) 3. SAGITAL (between 2 hemispheres = mid-sagital cut) (either side of center = para-sagital cut) |
| CORTEX | surface of brain; very thin layer; lots of neurons; white cells/white matter/glial/glue that holds matter together |
| SYNAPSES | allow neuons to communicate/massive interconnectivity in the brain |
| How many connections are there per neuron? | 1,000s |
| Out of massive neural interconnectivity comes... | consciousness |
| How much of your brain do you use? | your whole brain; diff. parts at diff. times |
| True or false: We have very little control over what our brains do. | TRUE |
| Neurons can be in 2 states: | Action Potential (firing)(excitatory)/ Resting Potential (not firing)(inhibitory |
| At rest the neuron is... | not truly at rest - just not firing |
| Each neuron is constantly getting conflicting signals from other neurons saying ________ and _________. How often is each neuron in the brain faced with this decision? | "fire"; "don't fire"; constantly! |
| THE WHOLE PURPOSE OF A NEURON FIRING IS... | the send a messaged to the SYNAPTIC VESICLES so they can release chemical messengers across the cleft |
| microtubules | highway along which materials can move between the soma and bouton |
| Wherre are peptides made? Empty vesicles crawl back to the bouton via ______________. | in the soma; they walk back and forth across the microtubules; transporter proteins |
Created by:
mychellerogers
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