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Microbiology
FA complete review part 3 Mycoses and Parasites
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Systemic mycoses, all this can cause: | Pneumonia and can disseminate |
| All mycoses are: | Dimorphic fungi |
| Which is the only systemic mycoses that is not eyats at 37 Celcius? | Coccidioides |
| Systemic mycoses are ________________ at 20 C. | Mold |
| At 37 C, all systemic mycoses are in _____________ form. | Yeast |
| What is a common characteristic between systemic mycoses and TB? | Can form granules |
| What i the treatment for local infections of systemic mycoses? | Fluconazole or Itraconazole |
| Disseminated infection of a systemic mycoses is treated with: | Amphotericin B |
| What is the Endemic location of Histoplasmosis? | Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys |
| What is the pathologic features of Histoplasmosis? | Macrophage is filled with Histoplasma |
| Which systemic mycose is smaller than RBC? | Histoplasma |
| Histoplasma is often associated with: | Bird or bat droppings |
| What are the unique clinical signs of Histoplasmosis? | Palatal/ tongue ulcers, and splenomegaly |
| Person with oral ulcer. Which is the most likely responsible systemic mycoses? | Histoplasma |
| What is nte endemic region of Blastomycosis cases? | Eastern and Central United States |
| Broad-based budding of Blastomyces | Pathologic features of Blastomycosis |
| What are the unique signs of Blastomycosis? | Inflammatory lung disease, can disseminate to skin/bone. Verrucous skin lesions can stimulate SCC Forms granulomatous nodules |
| What systemic mycoses is same size as RBC? | Blastomyces |
| Endemic region of Coccidioidomycosis? | Southwestern US, and California |
| Pathologic features of Coccidioidomycosis? | Spherule filled with endospores of Coccidioides |
| Endospores association with which systemic mycosis? | Coccidioidomycosis |
| Coccidioides is ________________________ than an RBC. | Much larger |
| "Captain's wheel" | Paracoccidioidomycosis |
| Latin America Is the endemic region for cases of whcat type f systemic mycosis? | Paracoccidioidomycosis |
| Paracoccidioidomycosis is more ofnen in ___________ than _______. | Males >>> Females |
| Which two systemic mycoses are much larger than an RBC? | Paracoccidioides and Coccidioides |
| What are the most common dermatophytes? | Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton |
| Branching hyphae visible on KOH preparation with blue fungal stain. Associated with pruritus. | Dermatophytes |
| What area of the body is Tinea capitis referred to? | Head and scalp |
| What are the associated conditions or symptoms of Tinea capitis? | Lymphadenopathy, alopecia, and scaling. |
| Tinea corporis occurs on the _______________. | Torso |
| What are some characteristics by Tinea corporis? | Erythematous scaling ringins ("ringworm") and central clearing |
| What type of Tinea occurs in the inguinal area? | Tinea cruris |
| What are the varieties of Tinea pedis? | 1. Interdigital 2. Moccasin distribution 3. Vesicular type |
| Associated to Tinea ungutum? | Onychomycosis; occurs on nails |
| Which cutaneous mycoses occurs in the nails? | Tinea ungutum |
| What causes Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor? | Malassezia spp |
| "Spaghetti and meatballs" appearance on microscopy. | TInea (pityriasis) versicolor |
| What is the MC treatment of Tinea versicolor? | Selenium sulfide, topical and/or oral antifungal medications |
| List of Opportunistic fungal infections: | 1. Candida albicans 2. Aspergillus fumigatus 3. Cryptococcus neoformans 4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp. 5. Pneumocystis jirovecii 6. Sporothrix schenckii |
| alba = | white |
| Which opportunistic fungal infection forms a pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20 C , germ tus at 37 C. | Candida albicans |
| A candida albicans in immunocompromised usually causes: | Oral and Esophageal thrush |
| What type of patients get a vulvovaginitis by c. albicans infection? | Diabetics and those with of antibiotics |
| What condition/patients have increased risk of disseminated candidiasis? | Neutropenic patients |
| What are some pathologic associations with c. albicans? | - Oral and Esophageal thrush - Vulvovaginitis - Diaper rash - Endocarditis (IV drug users) - Disseminated candidiasis - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis |
| WHat is the most treatment for vaginal c. .albicans infections? | Oral fluconazole/topical azole |
| Oral/esophageal thrush candidiasis is treated with: | Nystatin, fluconazole, or echinocandins |
| Systemic disseminated candidiasis is treated with: | Fluconazole, echinocandins, and amphotericin B |
| Monomorphic septate hyphae that branch at 45 Acute angle. | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised causes: | Neutrophil dysfunction |
| What is the associated risk of Aspergillus fumigatus infection in those with TB history? | Aspergillosis in pre-existing lung cavities |
| What is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus that is associated with development of Hepatocellular carcinoma? | Aflatoxins |
| WHat is ABPA? | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis |
| What is the pathogenesis of ABPA? | Hypersensitivity response associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis; may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia. |
| 45 degree angle sepate? | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| Aflatoxins are associated with which opportunistic fungus? | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| Fungal opportunistic infection with narrow budding? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Narrow budding, heavy encapsulated yeast, not dimorphic, and found in soil and pigeon droppings? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| How is Cryptococcus neoformans mostly found? | In soil and bird droppings |
| C. neoformans travels via the blood system into the ____________. | Meninges |
| What agar is used to culture C. neoformans? | Sabouraud agar |
| Which opportunistic fungus is highlighted with India ink, creating a clear halo? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| What are pathologies caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection? | 1. Cryptococcosis 2. Cryptococcal meningitis 3. Cryptococcal encephalitis |
| "Soap bubbles" in the brain of an AIDS patient? | Cryptococcus neoformans infection |
| What is the treatment for Cryptococcal meningitis? | Amphotericin B + Flucytosine |
| Description of Mucor and Rhizopus spp. | Irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles |
| Ir septate is at wide angles, which is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reference? | Mucor and Rhizopus spp |
| Acute angle branching of septate is seen with______________ opportunistic fungal infection. | Aspergillus fumigatus |
| What is the most common pathology caused by Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection? | Mucormycosis |
| What patients are at increased risk of Mucormycosis? | Ketoacidotic diabetic and/or neutropenic patients |
| After Mucor and Rhizopus species proliferate in the blood vessel walls, what is the course of the infection followed by? | Penetrate Cribriform plate and then enter the brain. |
| Areas affected by CNS mucor and rhizopus infection? | Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscess Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
| What are clinical signs of Mucor and Rhizopus infection? | Headache, facial pain, black necrotic eschar on face, with or without cranial nerve involvement. |
| Black necrotic eschar in face is most commonly associated with which opportunistic fungal infection? | Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection |
| What is the indicated treatment for Mucor and Rhizopus spp infection? | Surgical debridement and then amphotericin B or isavuconazole |
| What is the abbreviation for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia? | PCP |
| What is PCP? | Pneumocystis pneumonia, a diffuse interstitial pneumonia, caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. |
| What is CRX/CT description of PCP? | Diffuse, BILATERAL ground-glass, opacities, with pneumatoceles. |
| Disc-shaped yeast seen in methenamine silver stain of lung tissue. Dx? | PCP |
| What is the treatment for PCP? | TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone (prophylaxis only), and atovaquone. |
| What is the drug used for PCP prophylaxis? | Dapsone |
| Prophylaxis treatment in AIDS patient for PCP starts when CD4+ T cell count drops below: | 200 cells/mm3 |
| What fungal organism causes Sporotrichosis? | Sporothrix schenckii |
| What is the description of Sporothrix schenckii? | Dimorphic, cigar-shaped budding yeast that grows in branching hyphae with rosettes of conidia; |
| Which fungal organism lives in vegetation? | Sporothrix schenckii |
| What disease is due to trauma (break of skin) by a thorn with S. schenckii? | Rose gardener's disease |
| What is the treatment for Rose Gardener's disease? | Itraconazole or Potassium iodide |
| S. schenckii infection is drains along with lymphatics causing? | Ascending lymphangitis |
| Most common Protozoal GI infectious organisms are: | Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium |
| What disease is caused by Giardia lamblia? | Giardiasis |
| What is Giardiasis? | Infection with Giardia lamblia; bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea |
| Which type of people are often at higher risk of Giardiasis? | Campers and/or hikers |
| What is the treatment for Giardia lamblia infection? | Metronidazole |
| How is the diagnosis of Giardiasis made? | Multinucleated trophozoites or cysts in stool, antigen detection |
| Oocysts in water. Transmission of? | Cryptosporidium |
| What is the mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica? | Cysts in water |
| What disease is due to Entamoeba histolytica infection? | Amebiasis |
| What is the clinical presentation of Amebiasis? | Bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess ("anchovy paste" exudate), RUQ pain |
| What is the histology of Entamoeba histolytica? | Colon biopsy shows flask-shaped ulcers |
| What is the treatment of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia? | Metronidazole |
| Severe diarrhea in AIDS due to Protozoal GI infection? | Cryptosporidium |
| Diagnosis of Cryptosporidium | Oocysts on acid-fast stain , antigen detection |
| Cysts with up to 4 nuclei in stool. Dx? | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Trophozoites with engulfed RBCs in the cytoplasm? | Entamoeba histolytica |
| What is the treatment for Cryptosporidium for healthy individuals? | Nitazoxanide |
| Filtering city water supplies is a mode of prevention of what organism infection? | Cryptosporidium |
| Protozoa-- CNS infection list: | 1. Toxoplasma gondii 2. Naegleria fowleri 3. Trypanosoma brucei |
| Mode of transmission of Toxoplasma gondii | 1. Cysts in meat (most common); 2. Oocysts in cat feces |
| Why do pregnant women should avoid contact with cat feces? | May be contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts which can cross the placenta |
| What is congenital toxoplamois presented? | Triad of: 1. Chorioretinitis 2. Hydrocephalus 3. Intracranial calcifications |
| Tachyzoite, often seen to diagnose infection with: | Toxoplasma gondii |
| What is the treatment for Toxoplasma gondii infection? | Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine |
| Sulfadiazine co administer with Pyrimethamine. Most likely infection? | Toxoplasmosis |
| Brain abscesses; seen as multiple enhancing ring lesions on MRI. Dx? | Toxoplasmosis |
| What are the labs seen by Toxoplasma infection to a immunocompetent individual? | 1. Mononucleosis-like symptoms 2. (-) heterophile antibody test |
| Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis is caused by an infection with: | Naegleria fowleri |
| Amoebas in CSF is diagnostic for infection with: | Naegleria fowleri |
| Where is the typical place/area for a possible Naegleria fowleri infection? | Swimming in warm freshwater |
| What is "freshwater"? | Water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, underground streams, and other sources. |
| Infection with Trypanosoma brucei causes which disease? | African sleeping sickness |
| What organism causes African sleeping sickness? | Trypanosoma brucei |
| What is "African sleeping sickness"? | Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever, somnolence, and coma due to T. brucei infection |
| Reason for recurring fever in African sleeping sickness? | Due to antigenic variation |
| What is the transmission mode of Trypanosoma brucei? | Tsetse fly, a painful bit |
| How is the diagnosis for Trypanosoma brucei infection made? | Trypomastigote in blood smear |
| What is the treatment for blood-borne Trypanosoma brucei infection? | Suramin |
| Melarsoprol is used for: | Treatment of Trypanosoma brucei infection for CNS penetration |
| What are the main two protozoa that cause hematological infections? | Plasmodium (species) and Babesia |
| What is the most common disease caused by Plasmodium infection? | Malaria |
| What are the main clinical signs of Malaria? | Fever, headache, anemia, and splenoagay |
| Which type of Plasmodium specie causes a 48-hr cycle of fever? | P. vivax/ovale |
| Which plasmodium type causes a tertian cycle? | Pl vivax/ovale |
| What does a tertian cycle of fever by P. vivax/ovale means? | Fever on first day and third day, thus been 48 hours apart from each other |
| WHat is the form name of the dorman P. vivax/ovale in the liver? | Hypnozoite |
| P. falciparum cause an__________ fever pattern. | Irregular |
| Which plasmodium causes a quatrain or (72-hr) fever cycle or pattern> | P. malariae |
| What is the mode of transmission of the Plamodium? | Anopheles mosquito |
| Anopheles mosquito transmits what organism? | Plasmodium spps |
| What medication is used for sensitive Plasmodium infection? | Chloroquine |
| What is the MOA of chloroquine? | Blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase |
| Which Plasmodium enzyme is blocked by Chloroquine? | Heme polymerase |
| In case of Plasmodium been resistant to Chloroquine, what is an alternative treatment option? | Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil |
| What test should be done to patients about to be treated with IV quinidine or artesunate? | Test for G6PD deficiency |
| When should IV quinidine or Artesunate should be used? | In life-threatening situations only, and hth previous test for G6PD deficiency. |
| What treatment is added to P. vivax/ovale infecton? | Primaquine for hypnozoite |
| What drug is used to treat Hypnozoite found in liver of patient with a P. vivax/ ovale infection? | Primaquine |
| What organism causes Babesiosis? | Babesia |
| What is the presentation of Babesiosis? | Fever and hemolytic anemia; predominantly Northeastern United States |
| MOde of transmission Babesi? | Ixodes tick |
| Blodo semar shows: ring form, "Maltese cross". Dx? | Babesiosis |
| What is the characteristic finding of Babbeiosis in order to make dx? | "Maltese cross" in blood smear |
| Treatment of Babesia infection | Atovaquone + azithromycin |
| Ixodes tick carries which two organisms? | Babesia and Borrelia burgdorferi |
| Babesiosis and Lyme disease share the same ___________________. | Ixodes tick |
| What are some common findings in Blood smear of Plasmodium sp? | 1. Trophozoite ring form within RBC 2. Schizont containing merozoites 3. Red granules throughtout RBC in P. vivax/ovale |
| What are Schuffner stippling? | Red granules found in Blood smear of Plasmodium infection. |
| Common protozoan visceral infectious organisms: | Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani |
| What disease is caused by T. cruzi infection? | Chagas disease |
| What are some symptoms and signs of Chagas disease? | 1. Dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy 2. Megacolon 3. Megaesophagus 4. (+) Romana sign |
| Big heart, big esophagus, and big colon. Dx? | Chagas disease |
| What is the endemic region for Chagas disease? | South America |
| What is the Romana sign? | Unilateral periorbital swelling |
| (+) Romana sign. Dx. | Chagas disease |
| "Kissing" bug causes | Chagas disease |
| THe kissing bug is a type of ______________ bug, which carries ___________________, causing __________________ diseases. | Reduviid bug; Trypanosoma cruzi ; Chagas disease |
| What is the common treatment for Chagas disease caused by T. cruzy? | Benznidazole or Nifurtimox |
| Patient on Nifurtimox. Dx? | Chagas disease |
| Suspect Chagas disease or T. cruzi infection in a person that: | 1. Traveled recently to South America (Brazon MC) 2. Shows enlarged heart (DCM) 3. Complains of unilaerl eye swelling |
| The Sandfly transmit: | Leishmania donovani |
| What two pathologies are due to Leishmania donovani infection? | 1. Visceral leishmaniasis 2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis |
| Waht is hantoher name for Visceral leshimanisis? | Kala-azar |
| What is the clinical presentation of Kala-azar? | Spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia |
| What is the treatment for Leishmania donovani infection? | Amphotericin B, and sodium stibogluconate |
| Macrophages containing amastigotes. Dx? | Leishmania donovani infection |
| What is the most common sexually transmitted protozoan infection? | Vaginitis due to Trichomonas vaginalis infection |
| What is Trichomonas vaginalis? | Sexually transmitted protozoan |
| Clinical profile of Trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis? | Foul-smelling, greenish discharge; itching and burning; |
| How is Trichomonas vaginal s infection diagnosed? | Motile trophozoites on wet mount; "strawberry cervix" |
| The term "strawberry cervix" most likely indicate: | Trichomonas vaginalis infection |
| What the treatment for patient and partner with Trichomonas vaginalis infection? | Metronidazole |
| Which is nematodes are ingested? | Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, and Trichuris |
| Which nematodes enter body via cutaneous? | Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, and Necator |
| Which nematodes are acquired through a bite? | Loa Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, and Wuchereria bancrofti |
| Common name for nematodes | Roundworms |
| What is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis? | Pinworm |
| What disease is caused by Enterobius vermicularis? | Anal pruritus |
| How is anal pruritus caused by E. vermicularis diagnosed? | By the tape test |
| What is the treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection? | Pyrantel pamoate or Bendazoles |
| Giant roundworm scientific name is: | Ascaris lumbricoides |
| What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides? | Giant roundworm |
| What disease is caused by Ascaris lumbricoides? | 1. Obstruction of ileocecal valve, 2. Biliary obstruction 3. Intestinal perforation |
| From where does Ascaris lumbricoides migrate? | Nose/mouth |
| What is the best treatment option for Ascaris lumbricoides? | Bendazoles |
| Threahewromd = | Strongyloides stercolaris |
| Larva in soil penetrate skin; rhabditiform larva seen under microscope. | Strongyloides stercolaris |
| Autoinfection is most likely seen with which roundworm infection? | Strongyloides stercolaris |
| What is the treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis infection;? | Ivermectin or bendazoles |
| How does Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus cause anemia? | Sicking bloood form interinal (duodena) wall |
| Cutaneous larva migrans is due to what infection? | Ansylostoma doudenale, na ENcator Amricansis infcherion |
| Pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach | Cutaneous larva migrans |
| In which tissue does trichinella spiralis takes home when it penetrates the host? | Striated muscle |
| Which disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis infection? | Trichinosis |
| Trichinella and Trichuris are both treated with _________________. | Bendalzoles |
| Whipworm is known as: | Trichuris trichiura |
| Hookworms are: | Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus |
| List of Intestinal Nematodes | 1. Enterobius vermicularis 2. Ascaris lumbricoides 3. Strogyloides stercolaris 4. Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus 5. Trichinella spiralis 6. Trichuris trichiura |
| A list of Tissue nematodes | 1. Toxocara canis 2. Onchocerca volvulus 3. Loa loa 4. Wuchereria bancrofti |
| What condition is due to Toxocara canis infection? | Visceral larva migrans |
| What causes Visceral larva migrans? | Toxocara canis infection |
| What important effects of Visceral larva migrans? | Myocarditis, liver damage, and eye damage (visual impairment, and blindness), and CNS symptoms (seizures, coma) |
| What is the best treatment for Toxocara canis? | Bendazoles |
| What are clinical features of Onchocerca volvulus infection? | Skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, and river blindness |
| Black flies, black skin nodules, "black sight" is a mnemonic to describe what infection? | Onchocerca volvulus |
| What is the treatment for Onchocerca volvulus? | Ivermectin |
| The clue "river blindness" refers to _________________________ infection. | Onchocerca volvulus |
| What organism is transmitted by the Female Backfly? | Onchocerca volvulus |
| What two tissues are affected mainly by Loa loa? | 1. Swelling of the skin 2. Worm in conjunctivitis |
| Which flies transmit Loa loa? | Deer, horse, and mango flies |
| What is the best treatment option for Loa loa and Wuchereria bancrofti? | Diethylcarbamazine |
| Diethylcarbamazine is used to treat which tissue nematodes? | Loa loa and Wuchereria bancrofti |
| What condition is commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti? | Lymphatic filariasis (elefantiasis) |
| What is the common name of the condition caused by W. bancrofti? | Elephantiasis |
| Describe the cause of lymphedema in Elephantiasis? | Wuchereria bancrofti organisms (worms) invade the lymph nodes leading to inflammation and subsequent lymphedema |
| How long after initial infection does Elephantiasis present clinically? | After 9 months to a 1 year. |
| What is the vector for Wuchereria bancrofti? | Female mosquito |
| Female backfly -----> Female mosquito ------> | Onchocerca volvulus Wuchereria bancrofti |
| Common name for cestodes | Tapeworms |
| Which are the most relevant cestodes? | 1. Taenia solium 2. Diphyllobothrium latum 3. Echinococcus granulosus |
| Treatment for Taenia solium? | Praziquantel |
| Which is the mode of transmission bo the T. solium? | 1. Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork (intestinal tapeworm) 2. Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with human feces |
| What conditions are related to the acquisition of T. solium by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food? | Cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis |
| What is the specific treatment option for Neurocysticercosis? | Albendazole |
| What is neurocysticercosis? | CNS infection with T. solium due to ingestion of eggs in human feces contaminated food |
| What are the CNS symptoms seen with Neurocysticercosis? | Cystic CNS lesions and seizures |
| What disease is due to Diphyllobothrium latum infection? | Megaloblastic anemia due to Vitamin B12 deficiency. |
| Why does D. latum infection causes a Vitamin B12 deficiency? | Tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine --> megaloblastic anemia |
| What is the MC mode of transmission of Diphyllobothrium latum? | Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish |
| Which tapeworms are treated with Praziquantel? | Diphyllobothrium latum and Taenia solium |
| What conditions are associated with Echinococcus granulosus infection? | 1. Hydatid cysts ("eggshell calcification") in liver 2. Cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis |
| Why are E. granulosus cysts handled with extreme care during surgery? | Rupture can cause anaphylaxis |
| What animal is the intermediate host for Echinococcus granulosus? | Sheep |
| What is the MC mode of transmission of E. granulosus? | Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces |
| Another name for flukes? | Trematodes |
| What are the most common Flukes? | 1. Schistosoma 2. Clonorchis sinensis |
| What organism is associated by ingestion of undercooked fish? | Clonorchis sinensis |
| What is the treatment option for all trematodes? | Praziquantel |
| Snails are the intermediate host for ____________________. | Schistosoma |
| What are common actions that predispose Schistosoma infections? | Swimming or bathing in contaminated fresh water |
| What are the two most referred subspecies of Schistosoma? | S. mansoni and S. haematobium |
| What is caused by S. mansoni? | Liver and spleen enlargement, fibrosis, inflammation , and portal hypertension |
| What are the two most significant symptoms of Schistosoma mansoni infection? | Portal hypertension and Hepatosplenomegaly |
| What Schistosoma spp is associated with development of Squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder? | S. haematobium |
| Painless hematuria may be a sign of: | Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to chronic S. haematobium infection. |
| What type of hypertension is associated with S. haematobium infection? | Pulmonary hypertension |
| Scabies are due to __________________________ infection. | Sarcoptes scabiei |
| Describe Scabies? | Pruritus and serpinginous burrows in webspace of hands and feet. |
| What areas of the body are classically seen with serpiginous burrows in Scabies? | Hands and feet |
| What are treatment options for Scabies? | 1. Permethrin cream 2. Washing/drying all clothing/bedding |
| What are common Ectoparasites? | Sarcoptes scabiei and Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis |
| What are Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis? | Blood-sucking lice that cause intense pruritus with associated excoriations, commonly on scalp and neck or waistband and axilla. |
| Epidemic typhus is caused by: | Rickettsia prowazekii |
| Trench fever is caused by: | Bartonella quintana |
| What is the common treatment for Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis? | Pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin lotion, and nit combing. |
| What parasite is associated with Biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma? | Clonorchis sinensis |
| Brain cysts, seizures are associated with: | Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis) |
| Hematuria, squamous cell bladder cancer is seen with: | Schistosoma haematobium |
| What is the the most common associates of Echinococcus granulosus? | Liver (hydatid) cystss |
| Microcytic anemia can be caused by: | Ancylostoma, Necator |
| What type of anemia is seen with Ancylostoma, Necator? | Microcytic anemia |
| What are common associations (symptoms) of Trichinella spiralis? | Myalgias, periorbital edema |
| Swelling around the eye is often associated with which parasite? | Trichinella spiralis |
| What is the organism responsible for Perianal pruritus? | Enterobius |
| Enterobius causes: | Perianal disease |
| Portal hypertension is caused by: | Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency is seen with: | Diphyllobothrium latum |
| What parasite can cause a megaloblastic anemia? | Diphyllobothrium latum |
Created by:
rakomi
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