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Sboggs
Altered Ventilation and Diffusion
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) | a condition of severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema without evidence of fluid overload or impaired cardiac function. |
| adventitious | refers to an alteration in lung sounds , as with wheezing or crackles . |
| airtrapping | decrease effective intake and especially CO2 release by retaining air within the alveoli because of loss of elasticity |
| anoxia | the absolute deprivation of oxygen |
| aspiration | a problem of inhaling a foreign substance into the lungs |
| asthma | a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways resulting in intermittent or persistent airway obstruction caused by bronchial hyper responsiveness, inflammation bronchoconstriction, and excess mucous production |
| atelectasis | a condition of collapse and nonaeration of the alveoli |
| atopic | the process by which IgE responses are stimulated from exposure to typically benign substances |
| auscultation | to listen with a stethoscope |
| bronchiectasis | the irreversible dilation and destruction of the bronchial tree most often caused by chronic obstruction or infection |
| chronic bronchitis | the presence of a persistent, productive cough that lasts for 3 months or longer for 2 or more consecutive years |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a generic term that describes all chronic obstructive lung problems including asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis, separately or in combination |
| clubbing | a painless enlargement and flattening of the tips of fingers or toes due to chronic hypoxia |
| compliance | the expected distensibility, or expandability, of the lung tissue and chest wall |
| consolidation | a solid mass in the lung tissue |
| cyanosis | a results of a greater proportion of desaturated hemoglobin in the blood, which gives the blood a bluish hue |
| diffusing capacity | a measurement of carbon monoxide (CO), oxygen, or nitric oxide transfer from inspired gas to pulmonary capillary blood; is reflective of the volume of a gas that diffuses through the alveolar capillary membrane each minute |
| dyspnea | the subjective feeling of shortness of breath or the inability to get enough air |
| emphysema | an irreversible enlargement of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, most notably in the alveoli, resulting in destruction of the alveolar walls and obstruction of airflow. |
| expectorate | to spit out the mucus that is ejected during a cough |
| expiration | the process of removing carbon dioxide out of the body through the lungs |
| forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) | the maximal amount of air expired from the lungs in 1 second |
| forced vital capacity | the maximal amount of air that is exhaled from the lungs during the forced exhalation |
| fully saturated | a state in which all of the available seats for hemoglobin molecules are occupied on the red blood cell |
| hemptysis | coughing up blood from the respiratory tract; defined by the presence of red blood cells in the sputum |
| hypercapnia | a state of increased carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypoxemia | decreased oxygen in the arterial blood leading to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) |
| hypoxia | cellular deprivation of oxygen |
| inspiration | the process of breathing in to acquire oxygen |
| orthopnea | the physical need to sit in an upright or standing position to reduce respiratory effort |
| oxygen saturation (Sao2) | the amount of oxyhemoglobin; that is, the amount of hemoglobin that is combined. or saturated, with oxygen |
| oxyhemoglobin (hgb O2) | the oxygen-hemoglobin combination within red blood cells |
| PAO2 | the symbol for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
| Partial pressure | the force exerted by gas molecules within a certain volume |
| perfusion | the process of forcing blood or other fluid to flow through a vessel and into the vascular bed of a tissue for the purpose of providing oxygen and other nutrients |
| phlegm | large amounts of sputum expectorated from the oropharynx |
| pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs occurring commonly in the bronchioles, interstitial lung tissue, or the alveoli |
| pneumothorax | the presence of air in the pleura space that causes the lung to collapse |
| pulse oximetry | a noninvasive method of determining hypoxemia even before clinical signs and symptoms are noted |
| purse lip breathing | a process of holding the lips puckered tightly together while slowly exhaling to maintain positive airway pressure in the alveoli; this minimizes air trapping and promotes expiration of carbon dioxide |
| residual volume (RV) | the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration |
| respiration | the process of oxygen use as a source of energy for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and release of metabolic products from cells |
| respiratory failure | a life-threatening condition that can result from any problem that severely affects ventilation, ventilation-perfusion matching, or diffusion |
| retractions | the pulling in of accessory muscles usually in the intercostal, substernal, and supraclavicular spaces to promote more effective inspiration |
| sputum | expectorated material |
| status asthmaticus | a state of bronchospasm that is not reversed by the patient's medications or other measures |
| sufactant | a lipoprotein lubricant that coats the inner portion of the alveous and promotes ease of expansion and repels fluid accumulation |
| tidal volume | the amount of air that is exhaled after passive inspiration; this is the volume of air going in and out of the lungs at rest; in adults, this volume is approximately 500 mL |
| ventilation | the movement of air into and out of the trachea, bronchi and lungs |
| vital capacity | the maximal amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs with forced inhalation and exhalation |
Created by:
sboggs2398
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