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Quakes and Volcanoes
Science 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an earthquake? | The shaking and trembling of the Earth’s crust that results from sudden movement along a fault. |
| What is the most common cause of an earthquake? | Faulting- this is when rocks break and slide past one another and energy is released. |
| What is a tsunami? | An earthquakes that occurs on the floor of the ocean, that produces giant sea waves. |
| What are 3 types of Seismic Waves? | 1. Primary Waves 2. Secondary Waves 3. Surface Waves |
| What is a primary wave? (P Waves) | These are the push and pull waves. They travel the fastest and can pass through solids, liquids, and gases. |
| What is a secondary wave? (S Waves) | These waves are side to side waves. The can only pass through solids. (*hint: S waves= solid, side to side...all start with S) |
| What is a surface wave? (L waves) | These are the slowest waves. They cause most of the damage and destruction during an earthquake. (*hint- L...land. Most of the damage is done on the land!) |
| What is a seismograph? | The instrument that detects and measures seismic waves. (*hint: graphs measure and that is in the word!) |
| What is a focus? | The actual point beneath the Earth’s surface where an earthquake occurs (*hint- UNDER the ground) |
| What is an epicenter? | The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus (*hint: at the SURFACE) |
| What is magma? | Rocks that are deep UNDERGROUND are exposed to tremendous amounts of heat and pressure. The rocks are often melted and flow like a fluid. |
| What is lava? | Molten rock that is ABOVE the Earth’s surface is called lava. |
| When a volcano erupts, what are the 3 components that enter the air? | 1. Volcanic Dust 2. Volcanic Ash 3. Volcanic Bombs (projectiles) |
| What are the 3 types of volcanoes? | 1. Cinder Cone 2. Shield Cone 3. Composite Cone |
| What is a Cinder Cone? | These volcanoes have a very narrow base and steep sides. Their eruptions are very violent and explosive. |
| What is a Shield Cone? | very gentle and quiet eruptions. These eruptions produce a dome-shaped volcano with gently sloping sides. (* hint: The shape of a shield is a slight dome shape) |
| What is a Composition Cone? | These volcanoes often have a pit at the top called a crater. As the sides collapse and this gets bigger, it is called a caldera. A violent eruption followed by several gentle eruptions. |
| What are the 3 classifications of a volcano? | 1. Active 2. Dormant 3. Extinct |
| What are the 3 Volcano Zones in the world? (A great deal of movement in the earths crust) | 1. Ring of Fire - coast of the Pacific Ocean 2. The Mediterranean Zone-extends across Asia and into India. Also includes Italy, Greece, and Turkey.) 3. Mid-Atlantic Ridge: middle of the Atlantic Ocean; can create |
Created by:
shann1
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