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ch.10 Mendel/Meiosis

QuestionAnswer
allele alternitive forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism
dominant observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait
fertilization fusion of a male and female gametes
gamete male and female sex cells;sperm and eggs
genetics brach of biology that studies heredity
genotype combonation of genes in an organism
heredity passing on of charictoristics from parents to offspring
heterozygous when there are two diffrent allels of a trait
hybrid offspring formed by parents having diffrent forms of a trait
law of independent assortment mendelian principle stating that genes for diffrent traits are inherited independently of each other
law of segregation mendelian principle explaining that because of each plant has two diffrent allels it can produce two diffrent types of gametes. during fertilizationmale and female gametes randomly pair to produce four combinations of allels
phenotype outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes
pollination from male reproductive organs to female reproductive organs of plants usually within the same species
recessive trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait
trait charicteristic that is inherited; can be either dominant or recessive
zygote diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
crossing over exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis; results in a new allel combination
diploid cell with two of each kind of chromosome;is said to contain a diploid or 2n number of chromosomes
egg haploid female sex cell produced by meioses
genetic recombination major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis
haploid cell with one kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n number of chromosomes
homologous chromosome paired chromosomes for genes in the same trait arranged in the same order
meiosis type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes each containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cell
nondisjunction failure of homologous chromosomes to seperate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with too many or too few chromosomes
sexual reproduction pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells
sperm haploid male sex cells produces by meiosis
Created by: wmbiology
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