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Plate Tectonics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Continent | A large landmass |
| Boundary | The point or line where one region end and another begins |
| Crust | The outer layer of Earth |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface. |
| Pangaea | The name of the single landmass that began to break apart 200 millions years ago and gave rise to today's continents. |
| Fossil | The preserved remains or traces of the organism that lived in the past. |
| Wegener | Alfred Wegener formed the theory of continental drifted and Pangaea. |
| Mid-Ocean Ridges | An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced. A divergent plate boundary under the sea. |
| Deep-Ocean Trench | A deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle |
| Sea-Floor Spreading | The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor. |
| Subduction | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. |
| Plate | A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust. |
| Divergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. |
| Convergent Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other |
| Fault | A break in Earth's crust along which rocks move. |
| Plate Tectonics | The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. |
| Rift Valley | A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart. |
| Transform Boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions. |
| Mantle | a layer inside a planetary body between the crust and the core. It makes up most of the Earth's mass. |
| Inner Core | Most dense layer of the Earth. This layer is a solid and the innermost layer. Its temperature is about the same as the Sun. |
| Outer Core | It is made mostly of iron and nickel. This layer is a liquid. |
| Lithosphere | This layer of Earth includes the crust an the uppermost mantle. |
| Asthenosphere | This layer is below the lithosphere. It is between 80-200 km below the surface. It is the upper part of the mantle. |
| Convection Currents | The movement of a gas or liquid in a circular path |
| Continental Crust | Type of rock made of mostly granites |
| Fold | Collision of crust that bends rock layers "stress" |
| Seismograph | An instrument used to measure the shaking caused by an earthquake |
| Earthquakes | The shaking that occurs when rock in Earth's crust moves or breaks and quickly releases pressure |
| Richter Scale | A scale for measuring earthquake magnitude |
| Hot Spot | An area of volcanic activity that is not near a plate boundary |
| Tsunami | A giant ocean wave generated by a submarine, earthquake, volcano, or landslide |
| Volcano | An opening in the Earth's crust through which molten magma and gases erupt |
| Epicenter | The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus |
| Oceanic Crust | Type of crust made of mostly basalt |
| Lava | Melted rock that reaches Earth's surface |
| Magma | Melted rock located below Earth's surface |
Created by:
creekside6science
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