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Biology Exam LU
Diversity and Ecology Lipscomb University
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the various properties of life: | Order, Adaptation, Response, Regulation, Energy Processing, Growth, Development, Reproduction D,O,G,R,E,A,R,R |
| Life is defined by: | living activities/ what we do |
| Another word for order is: | Organization |
| An example of Adaptation is | the camouflage of an animal |
| Air blowing over the ears of a rabbit for cooling is an example of | Regulation |
| The term reproduction means | to produce again |
| Energy flow is defined as | transformation of energy from one form to another |
| Energy enters as _______ and exits as ________ | sunlight, heat |
| the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life | a cell |
| The two types of cells are | Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic |
| The term Eukaryotic refers to | the true nuclear membrane |
| The term Prokaryotic means | before nuclear membrane |
| The hierarchy of Biological Organization ranges from | molecules to cells, organisms to biospheres |
| Population refers to a group containing... | of the same species |
| Community refers to a group containing... | more than one species |
| What is the primary difference between nutrients and energy | nutrients can be recycled within an ecosystem where energy merely flows through a system |
| examples of the lowest level of organization that can live (unicellular) are | Bacteria and Fungus |
| Emergent properties of systems refers to | New properties emerging with a step in hierarchy of Biological order |
| What is reductionism | reducing complex systems into simpler systems |
| Breaking down DNA into nucleus, chromosomes, and nucleotides is an example of | reductionism |
| Feedback is defined as | regulation in biological systems |
| The regulation of the process of feedback is called | output |
| The two types of feedback are known as | Positive feedback and negative feedback |
| Positive feedback refers to | a process in which the end product speeds up production |
| The enzyme in positive feedback is called | a catalyst |
| When an end product accumulates and slows the process that produced the product down it is called | negative feedback |
| Producers in the environment are | plants, autotrophic (self-feeding) |
| Consumers in the environment are | animals, heterotrophs (cannot make their own food) |
| Three types of consumers are | herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores |
| The word Taxonomy means | group |
| Life's three domains include | Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya |
| Bacteria fall under the two domains | Bacteria and Archaea |
| Archaeans are | ancient bacteria that can live in extreme conditions |
| The domain Eukarya contains organisms that | have a nuclear membrane |
| The classification system of the domain Eukarya is as follows | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
| The basic Kingdoms are | Protista, Plantaea, Fungi, Animalia, (Monera) |
| The Kingdom Protista consists of | Unicellular Eukaryotes |
| The Kingdom Plantae consist of | plants |
| The Kingdom Fungi consist of | fungus |
| The Kingdom Animalia consist of | animals |
| The morphology of cilia consists of | a 9+2 microtubule arrangement with proteins that allot for movement |
| The theory of evolution was proposed by | charles darwin |
| theory that favors reproductive success is also called | Natural Selection |
| the three types of natural selection include | directional, stabilizing, and disruptive |
| type of natural selection in which all of the original members are present | stabilizing |
| type of natural selection in which there is a shift in the population because some members of the population are lose | directional |
| type of natural selection which only contains extreme forms of the original members that effects the center of a bell curve | disruptive |
| an educated guess | hypothesis |
| two types of data collected are | qualitative and qualitative |
| the type of data that uses numbers to represent its recordings is known as | qualitative |
| an example of mimicry would be | honey bee vs. flower fly, eastern coral snake and the Scarlet King snake (red on yellow kills a fellow, cobra is deadly) |
| Themes of life that unify biology include | cell, heritable information, emergent properties of biological systems, regulation, interaction with the environment, energy and life, unity and diversity, evolution, structure and function, scientific inquiry, science, technology, and society |
| Life is defined by | activities |
| bubbles come up from these demonstrating that bacteria can live on earth in extreme conditions | deep sea vents |
| aggregates of abiotic molecules are known as | protobionts |
| an example of a protobiont much like | lipsomes, membranes around a drop of water |
| Polymerization of protobionts is a type of | abiotic polymers |
| Similar fossils found in the same strata in different locations is known as | index fossils |
| global environmental changes so disruptive that a majority of the species were eliminated is known as | Mass extinctions |
| The two types of extinction are | Permian and Cretaceous |
| permian extinctions refers to extinction caused by | volcanic eruptions |
| cretaceous extinction refers to extinction caused by | meteor impact |
| the benefit of mass extinction is the creation of new | niches |
| the oldest known fossils are | stromatolites |
| stramatolites are composed of | fossilized bacteria |
| the term endosymbiosis describes a relationship in which | one member is living inside of the other |
| evolution describes the possiblilty of embosymbiosis in what way | proposes that mitochondria and plastids were formerly prokaryotes living within larder host cells |
| an example of a symiotic relationship is between | plants and fungi, blue/green algae |
| The formal taxonomic name of Protozoans is | protista |
| A kingdom which includes that of bacteria is also called | monera |
| the earliest classification systems were proposed by | robert Whittaker |
| caldistics is | the study of clades |
| a clade is | a cetegorization of animals which includes its ancestors |
| a cladogram | depicts a partictular clade |
| Carl Linnaeus proposed what type of classification system | binomial nomenclature |
| the type of naming using two names to identify a species | binomial nomenclature |
| fatal form of malaria | plasmodium falciparum |
| define prokaryote | a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus |
| the two forms in which prokaryotes live are | unicellular and colonial |
| a variation of a life form that develops a tolerance is called a | biotype |
| three shapes of bacteria include | Cocci (spherical) Bacilli (rod like) and Sprilla (Spirals) |
| in a cell, the function of the cell wall includes | maintain cell shape, protect, prevent bursting in a hypotonic environment |
| the cell wall is covered by a | capsule |
| a capsule is made of | a sticky layer of palysaccharide or protein |
| the function of Fimbriaw and pili is | allow adhesion to substrate |
| the two types of bacterial classification based on cell wall composition are | gram positive and gram negative |
| a gram negative stain is | pink |
| the motility of bacteria usually relies on | flagella |
| the ability to move toward or away from a stimuli is called | taxis |
| egulena responding to a flashlight at radnor lake at night is an example of | taxis |
| description of the genomic organization of Prokaryotic cells | usually lack in compartmentalization |
| A DNA ring not surrounded by membrane is also called | The nucleoid region |
| Small rings of DNA separated from the nucleiod region are called | plasmids |
| the type of reproduction in bacteria is called | binary fission |
| the survival stage of bacteria that can remain viable in harsh conditions for centuries | endosperm |
| the term thermophilic refers to | archaean bacteria that can survive in extreme heat temperatures |
| there are four prokaryotic models of nutrition | autophototrophic, autochemotrphic, photoheterotroph, chemoheterotroph |
| organisms that can make their own own food are | autotrophic |
| autotrophs that use photosynthesis combine what to make food | sunlight and carbon from CO2 |
| autotrophs that use chemicals (chemotrophs) obtain CO2 from where | the air |
| Organisms that cannot make their own food are called | heterotrophs |
| photo and chemo heterotrophs combine sunlight and what to make food | CHO or food |
| the three various roles of oxygen in metabolism include | obligate aerobes, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobes |
| metabolic systems that require oxygen are called | obligate aerobes |
| metabolic systems that can survive with or without oxygen are called | facultative anaerobes |
| metabolic systems that are poisoned by oxygen are called | obligate anaerobes |
| the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia is called | nitrogen fixation |
| Surface coating colonies where metabolic cooperation occurs are calls | biofilms |
| The two major domains of Bacteria are | Bacteria and Archaea |
| organisms that share traits with bacteria and other traits with eukaryotes are known as | Archaeans |
| The three types of archaeans are | thermophiles, halophiles, and methanogens |
| Archaeans that thrive in a salty environments are called | halophiles |
| Archaeans that thrive in extreme temperatures are called | thermophiles |
| Archaeans that do well in gassy environments such as swamps are called | Methanogens |
| The breaking down of nutrients due to bacteria to use C,H,O to be reused is an example of | chemical recycling |
| and example of a decomposer is | chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes |
| an example of a nitrogen fixing prokaryote is | anabeana |
| The types of symbiotic relationships are | mutualism and commnsalism and parasitism |
| the type of symbiotic relationship in which both parties mutually benefit | mutualism |
| an example of mutualism is | root nodules in a legume plant with nitrogen fixing bacteria, both parties benefit |
| the type of symbiotic relationship that doesn't help or harm on of the parties is | commensalism |
| type of relationship in which the organism does harm to its host is | parasite |
| the type of prokayotes that cause disease by releasing endotoxins or exotoxins are | pathogenic prokaryotes |
| Endotoxins are | located in the membrane |
| exotoxins are | secreted |
| the type of bacteria that causes ulcers and have a particular flask shape | Heliobacteria pylori |
| Lyme disease vector both commonly and formally is called | Deer Tick, Ixodes dammini |
| The disease causing organism of Lyme disease is | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| A eukaryote is a cell that | has a nuclear membrane |
| an organism that can cause harm to its hose is called | a pathogenic parasite |
| the type of protist that contains chloroplast and chlorophyll is called | Euglena |
| two different types of asexual reproduction include | transverse and longitudinal |
| Trypanosoma reproduces by what means of asexual reproduction | longitudinal binary fission |
| Paramecium reproduces by what means of asexual reproduction | transverse binary fission |
| Protists that contain two nuclei are called | Diplomonads |
| An example of a diplomonad that causes trichomoniasis is | Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Protists with modified mitochondria and a unique flagella are | diplomonads and parabasalids |
| An example of a parabasalid is | Trichomonads |
| Protists move via | amoeboid region, flagellum, or undulating membrane |
| An elongated ribbon attached to the side of a protist for movement is called | an undulating membrane |
| The most common medical species we studied in the Euglenozoan clade is | Trypanosoma |
| Sac-like structures that contain the DNA mass (single large mitochondrion) of Egulenozoans is called | Kinetoplastids |
| The two types of disease caused by the Euglenozoan Trypanosoma are | African Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease |
| African sleeping sickness is formally called | trypanosomiasis |
| The species responsible for causing African Sleeping sickness is | Trypanosoma Rhodesiense |
| The vector of African sleeping sickness is | TseTse fly (Glossina) |
| Chagas Disease is caused by what organism | Trypanosoma Cruzi |
| The vector of Chagas disease is | true bug aka Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Rhodnius bug |
| Symptoms of sleeping sickness are | break down of nerve tissue, sleepy, death |
| Symptoms of Chagas disease include | Esophagopathy- dilation resulting in megaesophagus |
| An eyespot of a Euglenozoan is actually | chlorophyll inside of chloroplasts |
| Clade defined by characteristic that has sac-like structures in the plasma membrane | Aveolata |
| An example of an Aveolata member is | Dinoflagellates |
| Dinoflagellates are a component of ________, plant-like organisms floating on the surface of fresh and marine water | phytoplankton |
| Internal plates are filled with ______ for reinforcement of dinoflagellates | cellulose |
| A type of Dinoflagellate responsible for red tides | Pfiesteria shumwayae or Pfiesteria piscicida |
| Two examples of Apicomplexa organisms include | Plasmodium and Toxoplasma |
| Term meaning "bad air" | Malaria |
| The cause of Malaria is | Plasmodium ovale or falciparum |
| The 2n, n alternating generation for the Malaria cycle occurs in what host | invertebrate and vertebrate |
| The invertebrate host of Malaria is | female Anopheles (mosquito) |
| Malaria is injected into humans in what form | Sporozoites |
| The 1st place Sporozoites go in a human after injection is | Liver cells |
| What happens to liver cells during the first stage of malaria | population reproduces asexually, the liver cells rupture |
| The second stage of Malaria occurs | In the red blood cells, the feeding stage |
| The feeding on red blood cells of malaria is formally called | Trophozoite |
| At what point to symptoms occur in the malaria cycle | In the red blood cells |
| Symptoms of malaria are | fevers, shakes, chills |
| How long does it take to feel symptoms of malaria | 24 hours |
| Malaria ruptures red blood cells as | Merozoites (male and female gametophytes) |
| Sexual reproduction occurs wherein the malaria cycle | inside of the females stomach |
| Swelling on the wall of the mosquito stomach where reproduction occurs is called an | oocyst |
| The stage of malaria that causes relapse of malaria to be dormant is called | hyphozoite |
| Toxoplasmosis is caused by | Toxoplasma gondii |
| How is toxoplasmosis transmitted | cat feces |
| An example of a ciliate is | Paramecium |
| Structures of ciliates used for protection and attachment at the base of cilia region are called | trichocysts |
| type of reproduction when two organisms come together and exchange genetic material, ________ occurs | conjugation |
| Type of asexual reproduction that occurs in Paramecium | transverse binary fission |
| Group that contains for "hairy" and smooth flagella are the (fungus-like) | Stramenopiles |
| the term plumose means | feathery |
| OOmycetes refers to what in Stramenopiles | egg |
| Filaments that facilitate nutrient uptake, branch like structures of Stramenopiles are | hyphae |
| Potato Blight was caused by organism | Phytophthora infestans or water mold |
| Diatoms belong to the clade | Stramenopiles |
| Unicellular part of the phytoplankton community that compose the diatomaceous earth are called | diatoms |
| Plant-like plankton is called | phytoplankton |
| Animal-like plankton are called | Zooplankton |
| The three types of Symbiosis are | mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism |
| An example of brown algae is | Kelp |
| Term meaning "false feel" | pseudopodia |
| Shell-like covering of some protozoans | test |
| Porous, multi-chambered test for extension of pseudopodia is called | formaninifera |
| Gymnamoeba means | bare amoeba, amoeba that lack test |
| Two major diseases caused by Gymnamoeba are | Amebic dysentery and Amebic meningitis |
| Amebic dysentery is caused by | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Protective case enclosing a protist is also called | cyst |
| Amebic dysentery can be tranferred | water and food as cysts |
| The amoeboid form stage and the feeding stage of Amebic dysentery that causes a flask-shaped ulcer in the intestinal wall is called | Entamoeba histolytica |
| Inflammation of meninges (membrane around nerve tissue and brain) is caused by | Amebic meningitis |
| A container that produces spores is called | sporangium |
| the fusion of "gametes" that is NOT fertilization is called | syngamy |
| Red algae color is due to its | phycoerythrin pigment |
| Green algae are green because | they contain chlorophytes |
| Green Algae can live as symbionts where | in lichen |
| Fatal protist which can migrate up human nose to brain is called | Naegleria fowleri |
| Brown Algae have what type of reproductive cycle | alternation of generations |
| Sporophytes of Brown Algae are found on the | sporangia |
| Sporophytes are haploid or diploid | diploid |
| Sporophytes produce sporanigia that are haploid or diploid | haploid |
| Gametophytes are haploid or diploid | haploid |
| A zygote is haploid or diploid | diploid |
| Foraminiferans are in the clade | Rhizaria |
| Pseudopodia that radiate from the central body of Rhizaria are called | Axopodia |
| The alignment of vesicles which fuse to form the cell plate in cell division | phramoplast |
| Animal cell division occurs how | by cytoplasmic cleavage |
| Root-like structures are called | Rhizoids |
| Structures that contain chlorophyll are called | cholorphytes |
| Meristem located in teh top of the plant shoot and root | Apical meristem |
| the significance of apical meristem is | mitotic tissue |
| "angia" tissue is | tissue that typically forms what its prefix is |
| Structures that produce gametes are typically called | gametangia |
| Structures that produce spores are | sporangia |
| Structures related to the term egg that produce female "eggs" are called | archegonia |
| Structures that produce male parts are called | antheridia |
| Three ways to denote alteration of generations is | haploid/diploid, gametophyte/ sporophyte, and N/2N |
| Non-vascular plants are called | Bryophytes |
| Bryophytes include | hornworts (anthocerophyta), liverworts( hepatophyta) , and true mosses |
| The phylum of true mosses is called | Bryophyta |
| Club mosses are in the phylum | Lycophyta |
| Liverworts are in the phylum | Hepatophyta |
| Hornworts are in what phylum | Anthocerophyta |
| The phylum for ferns is called | Pterophyta |
| In the life cycle of moss, the spores are | male and female |
| Spores of ferns land and produce | male and female gametophytes, separate structures |
| When fertilization occurs between the sporophytes of moss (male to female) what is formed | Zygote |
| A zygote in the moss cycle is haploid or diploid | diploid |
| ______ grow out of female gametophytes in moss | sporophyte |
| The sporophyte growing out of the female gametophyte of a moss produces | spores |
| Container that produces spores of moss | Sporangium (peristome) |
| The life cycle of a moss is dominated by what stage | gametophyte |
| Peat moss is that forms decayed organic material called peat is also called | sphagnum |
| Peat moss can be used as | fuel |
| An example of a seedless vascular plant is | the fern |
| Ferns produce bisexual gametophytes and are therefore | homosporus |
| The heart shaped structure in the life cycle of a fern is | the gametophyte |
| A new sporophyte growing out of a gametophyte in a fern is called | a fiddlehead |
| Mature sporophytes that contain seedless spores are haploid or diploid | diploid |
| Vessel like tissue in plants is called | vascular tissue |
| Two types of vascular tissue are | xylem and phloem |
| Water is conducted by | xylem |
| Food is conducted by | phloem |
| Two types of spores that give rise to male and female gametophytes such as the moss are called | heterosporous |
| Two functions of roots are | anchor plant, absorption |
| 2 functions of leaves are | increase surface area, and capture solar energy for photosynthesis |
| Type of leaf with single vein (monocot) are called | microphylls |
| Type of leaf with highly branched vascular system is called | megaphylls |
| The two types of seedless vascular plants are | Lycophyta and Pterophyta |
| In seed plants, gametophytes are | protected in ovules and pollen grains |
| Ovules consist of | egg and its coverings |
| The three parts of an egg are | integument, megasporangium, megaspore |
| In comparison to seedless plants, the gametophytes of seed plants are | reduced |
| The structure that produces spores is called | the sporophyte |
| The structure that produces gametes is called | gametophytes |
| The three parts of a seed are | embryo, food, coat |
| The megaspore is the | egg |
| The microspore is the | pollen |
| The transfer of pollen to the stigma is called | pollination |
| The entrance opening for sperm is called | micropyle |
| The protective wall or coating is called | the integument |
| 4 ways pollen could be dispersed are | air, animals, water, and mechanical |
| "naked" seed bearing plants are called | Gymnosperms |
| The four gymnosperm phyla are | Cycadophyta (cones), Ginkophyta (ginko balboa), Gnetophyta, and Coniferophyta (fir, pine, redwood) |
| The Bristlecone Pine, the oldest tree, belongs to what phylum | Coniferophyta |
| term referring to flowering plants | angiosperm |
| Structure that consis of support filament and anther containing pollen | Stamen |
| The four types of modified leaves in angiosperms are | sepal, petal, stamen, carpel |
| Angiosperm life cycle is called | double fertilization |
| Two sperm are used in double fertilization where | for zygote and endosperm |
| The zygote becomes | 2n |
| the endosperms is | 3n |
| The function of the endosperm is to nourish developing embryo | |
| The two main groups of angiosperms are | monocots and dicots |
| characteristics of monocots inclue | one cotyledon, parallel veins, vascular bundles scattered |
| Characteristics of dicots include | 2 cotyledons, net venation, vascular bundles in ring arrangement |
| Bitter substance found in almonds | amygdalin |
| The medicine from plants used for the heart is called | digitalin |
| Medicine from plants for cough is called | menthol |
| Pain reliever medicine from plants is called | morphine |
| Structure that forms a hydrogen gradient for transportation in plants | proton pump |
| When sugar enters the cell with hydrogen ion movement it is called | "coattail effect" |
| The movement of water across a membrane is called | osmosis |
| Cell loses water when placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration called | plasmolysis |
| Cell gains water when placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration | turgid |
| loss of turgor pressure causes | wilting |
| The connections between cells in plants is called | plasmodesma |
| Uptake of soil solution by hydrophilic walls of root hairs is called | apoplastic transport |
| Water and minerals cross the plasma membrane of root hairs and enter to symplast | symplastic transport (transmembrane and plasmodesmata connecting the cytoplasm of cells) |
| Bulk flow is | movement due to pressure differences at opposite ends of xylem vessels and sieve tubes |
| Water through apoplastic barrier reaches this waxy structure for redirection to a plasma membrane | casparian strip |
| The loss of water vapor from a plant is called | transpiration |
| the attraction of like molecules for transportation is called | cohesion |
| the attraction of unlike molecules for transportation is called | adhesion |
| the evaporation speed of water is called | guttation |
| Openings that allow for gas exchange to occur | stomata |
| Cells that control the opening diameter of stomata | guard cells |
| Plants adapted to arid climates are called | xerophytes |
| Xerophytes reduce transpiration rate by | stomata on lower leaf in depressions that shelter the pores from dry wind |
| Forces that move water through a tree include | (cohesion, adhesion, transpiration, root pressure) |
| What percent of known animal species make up invertebrates | 95 |
| Most invertebrates are part of what clade | Eumetazoa (exluding Poriferans) |
| "attached or not moving" | sessile |
| Phylum of invertebrates with porous body and collar cells | Porifera |
| Suspension feeders feed how | as things move by them |
| The middle layer of members of the phylum porifera is called the | mesohyl |
| Collar cells are also called | choanocytes |
| Collar cells have both | flagellum and collar |
| Amoebas that move around and act like a taxi inside of a sponge are called | amoebocytes |
| The cavity inside of a sponge is called | spongocoel |
| The opening of a sponge is called | Osculum |
| Trace water through a sponge | Porocyte, Choanocyte, Spongocoel, Osculum |
| How is food trapped in a sponge | in the Choanocytes as water moves through the sponge |
| Amoebacytes capture food in sponges how | through phagocytosis |
| Sponges that produce both male and female parts are called | hermaphrodites |
| A cell with a pore or opening for water passage is called | Porocyte |
| Structures that provide support in sponges are called | spicules |
| Three sponge body forms are | Asconoid, Scyonoid, and Leuconoid |
| Phylum in which "stinging" animals belong to | Cnidaria |
| Two forms of cniderians are | Sessile (not moveable) and Floating |
| Cniderians have what type of symmetry | radial |
| Term meaning "two body layers" | diploblastic (sponges and cnidarians) |
| An example of a polyp body form is | hydra |
| Oral | mouth |
| Aboral | side away from oral region |
| Architecture body form liek that of a polyp but upside down | Medusa |
| The middle layer of Cnidarians is called | mesoglea "gelatinous, protien-like material |
| Cells that secrete gastric fluids make up the | gastrodermis |
| Two functions of the gastrovascular cavity include | digestion, shape change |
| Contraction that uses water for movement in Cnidarians is called | Hydrostatic contraction |
| The type of nervous system in Cnidarians is | nerve net |
| Capsule like organelle capable of everting stings | Cnidocytes/ Cnidae |
| The stinging structures of Cnidarians are called | Nematocyst |
| The four classes of Cnidarians include | Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, Scyphozoa, and Cubozoa |
| An example of a Hydrozoan is | Hydra (Obelia) and portugeese man of war |
| Examples of the class Anthozoan are | Anemone and corals |
| Examples of the class Scyphozoan are | free swimming jellies, polyps |
| Examples of the class Cubozoan are | box jellies |
| Hydra are freshwater animals in great need of oxygen making them | indicator animals |
| Two types of reproduction of Hydra are | Sexual, Asexual budding |
| Mobile larva life stage of a hydra | Planula |
| The two types of polyps of Hydra are | Feeding(tentacles) and reproductive |
| Cup-like shape of Cnidarians are in the phylum | Schyphozoan |
| The predominant stage of jellies life cycle is | Medusa |
| Cubozoans include | true jellies |
| The Sea Wasp, a jellyfish, is called | Chironex fleckeri |
| 3 true body layers is also called | triploblastic |
| flatworms belong to the phylum | platyhelminthes |
| The four classes that make up the flatworm phylum are | Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda |
| The two forms of flatworms are | free-living and parasitic |
| Mostly free-living flatworms belong to the class | Turbellaria |
| The class made up mostly of parasites of fish is called | Monogenea |
| Flukes belong to which class | Trematoda |
| Class of tapeworms is called | Cestoda |
| Flatworms are an example of what type of morphology | acoelomate/ tripoplastic |
| The three types of body cavity forms are | Acoelomate, psuedocoelomate, coelomate |
| The term endoderm is interchangeable with _______ because of the secretion of gastric juices | gastroderm |
| Describe the significance of the flat shape of platyhelminthes | larger surface area which enhances gas exchange via diffusion |
| The sensory areas of Planaria are called | Auricles |
| The three ways that planaria move are | muscles, cilia, and mucus |
| Planaria have an incomplete/complete digestive system | incomplete |
| The head region of an animal is called | the cephalic region |
| The cephalic ganglion is referring to | the brain |
| Both male and female structure on the same individual is called | Hermaphroditic |
| The study of structure is called | Morphology |
| An aggregation of nerve tissue is called | Ganglia |
| The photoreceptors of planaria are also referred to as | the eyespot |
| The three types of nervous systems are | Nerve net, Ventral Nervous System, and Dorsal Nervous system |
| The species for the Human Liver Fluke is called | Clonorchis sinesis |
| the intermediate host of the human liver fluke is | snail |
| The blood fluke that causes schistosomiasis is called | Schistosoma mansoni |
| hepatosplenic Schistosomiosis is caused by | blood flukes |
| The ciliated swimming stage of a developing life form is called | planula |
| The stage capable of penetrating a human host is called | Cercariae |
| How are cercariae able to pentrate humans | chemically |
| The sheep liver fluke species is called | Fasciola hepatica |
| Tapeworms belong to what class | Cestoda |
| The portion of a tapeworm that is composed of hookers and suckers is called the | scolex |
| each segment of a tapeworm is called a ____________ with reproductive structures | proglottids |
| When a larvae of a tapeworm encysts in the brain of a human, for example, it is called | Hydatid cyst |
| A hydatid cyst is caused by what species | Echinococcus |
| The two types of animals that represent psuedocoelomates are | nematodes and rotifers |
| A type of asexual reproduction in correlation with the phylum Rotifera is called | parthogenesis |
| The 3 parts of the body form that make up member of the phylum mollusca are | foot, mantle, visceral mass |
| A structure that is tongue like, and is used as a scraping tool is called | radula |
| The four major classes of Mollusks are | Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda |
| Class of Mollusk meaning many plants | polyplacophora |
| Class of mollusk that refers tot he stomach of an animal | Gastropoda |
| Class of mollusk definied by two shells | bivalvia |
| Class of mollusk that is decribed by its head/foot region | cephalopoda |
| Oval shaped marine mollusk belonging to the polyplacophora phylum are | Chiton |
| Examples of Gastropods are | snail, torsion, nudibranch |
| Trace water through the clam | 1. incurrent canal, siphon 2. gills 3. excurrent canal |
| Trace food into the clam | 1.incurrent canal 2. gills, mucus, and cilia 3. excurrent canal |
| segmented worms comprise what phylum | Annelida |
| The three classes of Annelids are | Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, and Hirudinea |
| The earthworms belong to what class | Oligochaeta |
| Sandworms and Nereis belong to what Class | Polychaeta |
| Leeches make up what class | Hirudinea |
| Spine like structures on Annelids made of chiton are called | Chaetae (means bristle) |
| Bristles that provide traction are called | satae |
| The heart of an annelid is described as | five aortic arches |
| a ciliated tube for removal of liquid excretory waste | nephrostome |
| Protein found in leeches that dissolves blood (anticoagulation) | Hirudin |
| Roundworms make up the Phylum | Nematoda |
| The only form of movement for nematodes is | longitudinal muscles |
| The body form type of a neatode is | psuedocoelomate |
| Because nematodes can only move with longitudinal muscles it is called what type of motion | thrashing |
| In nematodes, reproduction occurs in separate sexes, also known as | Dioecious |
| Examples of Nematodes are | pinworms, hookworms |
| When a juvenile nematode worm encysts in muscle tissue it is called | trichonosis |
| The common vector of Trichinella spiralisis | pork |
| a common model research organism species | C. elegans |
| The two types of digestive systems are | Complete and Incomplete |
| An example of an incomplete digestive system is the | hydra |
| An example of an open circulatory system is | insects |
| An example of closed circulatory system is | the earthworm |
| Tunicates are part of what subphylum of Chordata | Urochordata |
| Amphioxus is an example of what subphylum of Chordata | Cephlochorda |
| Sharks, Skates, and rays belong to what Class | Chondricthyes |
| Bony fish (eg. Perch) belong to what Class | Osteicthyes |
| Frogs are part of what order of the class Amphibia | Anura |
| Salamanders belong to what order of the class amphibia | Caudata |
| Lizard and snakes, part of the reptilia class, belong to what order | Squamata |
| Turtles belong to what Reptilian order | Chelonia |
| Caiman crocodiles belong to what Reptilian order | Crocodilia |
| Birds are part of what class | Aves |
| Pigs and Bats, for example, are members of what class | Mammalia |
| Trace light through a cow eye | Cornea, Aqueous homor, pupil, lense, Vitreous humor, retina, optic nerve |
| Trace blood through a pig heart | Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventrical, lungs, left atrium, biscuspid valve, left ventricle, body |
| The walla of what portion of heart is thicker | left |
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