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Anatomy final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? | proximal |
| The gallbladder lies in the | abdominal cavity |
| the plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the | transverse plane |
| several kinds of tissues working together are termed an | organ |
| the abdominal quadrants are located wiht what structure as their midpoint? | umbilicus |
| and organ is one organizational level higher than a | tissue |
| To get the liver in an x-ray which abdominopelvic regions must be included | right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac |
| the abdominopelvic cavity does not contain the | heart |
| the smallest living units of structure and function in the body are | cells |
| A frontal section divides the body into | front and back portions |
| a solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions is a | basic solution |
| the kind of element is determine by the number of | protons |
| the octet rule refers to the | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level |
| a magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This atom would contain | 12 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons |
| What represents properties of water? | high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, and strong polarity |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body | iron |
| the hydrogen isotope tritium consists of | one proton and two neutrons |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of | catabolism, anabolism, and atp requirements |
| an ionic bond is forms by | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other |
| An example of a catabolic process is | hydrolysis |
| A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the | flagellum |
| Which of the follow is not true of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | It makes lipids and carbohydrates |
| The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the | glycoprotein molecules |
| which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the golgi apparatus | lysosomes |
| the nucleolus is composed chiefly of | rRNA |
| The inner membrane of what double membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae? | mitochondrion |
| Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called | cilia |
| the membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are | lysosomes and peroxisomes |
| rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules, what is their function? | Help organize the various components of the plasma membrane, play an important role in the pinching of a parent cell into two daughter cells, sometimes allow the cell to form depressions that form a means of carrying substances into the cell. |
| Skin cells are held tighter together by | desmosomes |
| adipose tissue is | a storage tissue |
| what junction "glues" the epidermies and the dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis | dermoepidermal |
| which of the follow is the most superficial layer of the epidermis | stratus corneum |
| the conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the | neuron |
| the dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick | reticular layer |
| what tissue lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly? | cartilage |
| which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities? | epithelial |
| the fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called | extracellular matrix |
| besides water, extracellular matrix contains. | proteins and proeoglycans |
| the mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the | cerumen |
| what metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones | thumb |
| the cone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the | hyoid bone |
| the medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger shaped bone called the | sternum |
| anatomically speaking which bones compose the wrist | carpals |
| the extracellular components of bone matrix are | hard and calcified |
| what structures normally hold the foot bones firmly in the arched positions | ligaments and tendons |
| the soleus muscle is an example of a | pennate muscle |
| the muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the top of any fingers is the | opponens pollicis |
| in pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to aboce the head, which of the follow muscles is least utilized? | biceps brachii |
| which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? | when the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? | pectoralis minor |
| which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot | sartorius |
| moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be | epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium |
| the teres major and teres minor muscles move the | arm |
| the muscles assisting in rotating the arm outward is the | teres minor |
| the efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the | astrocytes |
| multipolar neurons have | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| what is not true of the myelin sheath | it covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord |
| regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and fibers hve | a neurilemma |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primary of | cell bodies |
| one of the components of the blood brain barrier is | astrocytes |
| the autonomic nervous system does not stimulate | skeletal muscle |
| a neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called | a sensory neuron |
| Astrocytes attach to | neurons and blood vessels |
| some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have the cell bodies in nuclei in the brain stem | false |
| beta receptors | bind norepimephrine |
| effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division | false |
| conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron | false |
| nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are | sensory |
| the brainstem does not include the | cerebellum |
| which of the following is not true of the lateral corticospinal tract fibers | most inhibit the lower motor neuron |
| the spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of | 31 pairs |
| the areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in | 90% of the population |
| the cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the | accessory nerve |
| endolypmh is made | in the stria vascularis |
| the hormone produced by the heart | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| the basilar membrane supports the | spiral organ |
| what is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm | adenohypophysis |
| pyramid shaped gland consisting of neural crest derived cells and endocrine secretory cells | adrenal glands |
| bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule | vestibule |
| membrane attached to the stapes | oval window |
| what has the highest concentration of cones | the fovea centralis |
| endoplymph filled structure containing receptors for hearing | cochlear duct |
| the localized pressure graident needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called | perfusion pressure |
| a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissue is | erythropoietin |
| the term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | antigen |
| what sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles | precapillary sphyincters |
| what much of the superficial leg and foot | great saphenous vein |
| the free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the | papillary muscles |
| the bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the | myocardium |
| which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta | elastic arteries |
| after blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the | left atrium |
| erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as | hematopoietic stem cells |
| which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when | antigens epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecules antigen binding site |
| lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as | natural killer cells |
| which antibody is synthesized by immature b cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes | immunoglubulin m |
| the primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | thymus |
| during their residence in the thymus, pre t cells develop into what kind of cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body | thymocytes |
| chemotaxis is the process by which a cell navigates toward the source of the chemotactic factor by way of | detecting and then moving toward higher concentrations of the factor |
| because t celld attack pathogens more directly t cell immune mechanisms are also classifies as | cell mediated immunity |
| adaptive immunity, part of the bodys third line of defense is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte |
| what is not a function of the pharynx | determines the quality of the voice |
| what is true of the intrinsic muscles of the layrnx | they serve in voice production |
| what is not a function of the respiratory system | distributes oxygen to cells |
| the structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called | conchae |
| the approximate lentgh of the trachea or windpipe is | 11 cm |
| the lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the | cricoid cartilage |
| which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through nose into the phaynx | anterior nares, vestibules, inferior, middle, and superior meatus, posterior nares |
| the largest of the paranasal sinuses is the | maxillary |
| the anatomical division of the pharyns that is located behin the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the | oropharynx |
| what hormones tend to decrease the amount of urine produces | aldosterone and ADH |
| what is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules | sodium |
| what is not a part of the glomerular capsular membrane | parietal layer of the glomerular capsule |
| the portion of the nephron that empties into the calyx is the | collecting tube |
| the layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the | parietal peritoneum |
| to be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called | capaciation |
| the tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the | uterine tubes, oviducts. fallopian tubes. |
| in the male, LH | stimulates the interstital cells to increase their secretion of testosterone |
| the dense white fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the | tunica albuginea |
| the uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity, those ligaments are | broad ligaments |
| the efferent ductules | drain the rete testis |
| in the male reproductive system the essential organs of reproduction are called | testes |
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