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Chapter 14 Key Terms
Cultural and Spiritual Aspects of Patient Care
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transcultural Nursing | nursing care that recognizes cultural diversity and is sensitive to the cultural needs of the patient and family |
| Culture | collection of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that is shared and maintained by a group of people and transmitted generationally |
| Worldview | comprehensive system of beliefs used by individuals and groups to explain and interpret reality |
| Enculturation | cultural beliefs/norms are transferred from a group to the individual members of the group who adopt and incorporate them in their own personal values and beliefs |
| Ethnicity/Ethnic | a group of people who share the common and distinct culture based on shared ancestry, social experience, and/or national history |
| Race | social classification that assigns a group membership based on physical characteristics |
| Subcultures | smaller groups within the culture whose members have similar views and goals in addition to or in place of those of the main culture |
| Spirituality | "breath of life" deeply subjective experience that tries to explain one's own relationship to the wholeness of the physical and non-physical world |
| Religion | formalized system of belief and worship |
| Rituals | ceremonial acts |
| Religious beliefs | convictions or opinions derived from religious doctrine that one considers true |
| Faith | belief that cannot be proven or for which no material evidence exists |
| Atheist | person who does not believe in God or any religious doctrine |
| Agnostic | person who neither believes or disbelieves in the existence of God because it cannot be completely proven |
| Kosher | food prepared by Jewish law regarding its slaughter, processing, and packaging |
| Circumcision | Jewish religious ritual, occurs 8 days after birth |
| Cultural Awareness | developing understanding that health is expressed differently across cultures, and that culture influences an individual's response to health, illness, disease, and death |
| Cultural Sensitivity | ability to engage and communicate with an individual from another culture in a manner that demonstrates respect for their cultural norms and beliefs |
| Cultural Competence | involves knowing yourself, examining your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices |
| Stereotyping | applying certain beliefs and behaviors about a culture to an individual or group without assessing individual needs |
| Generalizations | identify common trends, patterns, and beliefs of a group |
| Preudice | emotional manifestation of negative stereotypes and deep held beliefs about a group |
| Racism | form of prejudice that takes place when individuals, groups, and/or institutions exercise power against groups that are judged inferior |
| Ethnocentrism | belief that one's own cultural group determines the standards by which other groups behavior should be judged |
| Cultural blindness | inability to recognize the differences between one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices and those of another culture |
| Cultural Imposition | act of imposing one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices on individuals and groups from another culture |
| Cultural Relativism | ability to recognize that each cultural group has its own set of beliefs and that each culture should be evaluated on its own merit |
| Cultural Conflict | perceived threat arising from a misunderstanding of expectations when nurses are unable to respond appropriately to another individual's cultural practice because they are unfamiliar with the practice |
| Cultural Shock | feeling of helplessness, discomfort, and disorientation experienced by an individual attempting to understand or effectively adapt to a cultural group whose beliefs and values are radically different from the individual's culture |
| Dialect | identifiable variation of a language specific to a particular group or region |
| Patriarchal | male dominated |
| Matriarchal | female dominated |
| Egalitarian | equal share between spouses |
| Holistic | attention to mental, social, spiritual, and physical aspects |
| Chi'i | universal life force or energy |
| Yin | negative, dark, cold, feminine |
| Yang | positive, light, warm, masculine |
| Shaman | medicine man or woman |
| Spiritual distress | related to feelings of guilt and unworthiness if the patient views illness as punishment for wrongdoing or sin |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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