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Sboggs
Altered Somatic and Special Sensory Function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accommodate | ability of the lens to change its shape |
| Acoustic Reflex Measurement | test to determine movement of the tympanic membrane in response to sound |
| Acuity | clarity; ability to locate the site of the initiation of a stimulus |
| Amblyopia | a condition resulting from a muscle imbalance; commonly known as "lazy eye" |
| Anterolateral pathway | neurologic pathway involving both the anterior and lateral spinothalamic pathways; |
| aqueous humor | nutritive, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body |
| astigmatism | irregular curvature of the cornea or lens preventing the focusing of images; blurring vision |
| barotrauma | Injury resulting from the inability of the ear to equalize pressure |
| caloric test | test that uses warm and cold water or air irrigation to induce nystagmus; diagnostic of Meniere disease |
| cataracts | clouding of the lens in the eye; causes blurred vision by scattering incoming light |
| Central auditory processing disorder | disorder involving an alteration in auditory signal processing in the brain |
| cerumen | secretion by glands in the ear; also called ear wax |
| choroidal neovascularization | formation of new blood vessels under the retina and macula; associated with wet (exudative) macular degeneration |
| ciliary body | Ocular structure producing the aqueous humor |
| ciliary muscles | regulates lens shape to focus an object at close range |
| cochlea | bony structure located in the inner ear; important for hearing |
| cochlear implant | artificial devices surgically placed behind the ear to enhance hearing |
| conductive hearing loss | hearing loss localized to the outer or middle ear; may be temporary or permanent |
| cone | photoreceptor located in the retina; essential for sharp and color vision |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the eye |
| cornea | clear, transparent structure covering the exterior wall of the eye |
| decibels | the unit of measurement of intensity or loudness of the sound |
| diplopia | resulting from a lack of coordination of the extraocular muscles; may result in double vision |
| discriminative pathway | neurologic pathway communicating sensory information, including discriminative touch and spatial orientation |
| drusen | small, yellow deposits; deposition under the macula is characteristic of dry (atrophic) macular degeneration |
| dry (atrophic) macular degeneration | retinal deterioration resulting from deposition of drusen, under macula |
| electronystagmography (ENG) | group of tests that determine vestibular function based on eye movement |
| endolymph | fluid filling the cochlea |
| external auditory meatus | opening of the ear canal |
| exudative macular degeneration | macular damage caused by leakage of fluid and bleeding from new vessels, altering the shape of the macula and distorting central vision, also know as wet muscular generation |
| fovea | area in the center of the macula with the highest density of cones |
| gate control theory | preventing crossover and inhibiting pain impulse conduction along type A delta and type C fibers, diminishing pain perception |
| gustation | the sensation of taste |
| hyperopia | error in refraction commonly referred to as farsightedness |
| incus | one of the three bones comprising the ossicle of the ear; also known as the anvil |
| intensity theory | suggests that pain is an emotion that is the result of a stronger than usual stimulus |
| iris | colored part of the eye |
| irrigation | process of rinsing an area with fluid or air |
| lacrimal glands | primary producers of tears |
| laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) | surgical procedure used to treat myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism |
| lens | eye structure responsible for fine-tuning of focus |
| macula | area of the retina responsible for central vision, color vision, and fine detail |
| malleus | one of the three bones comprising the ossicle of the ear; also known as the hammer |
| mastoiditis | bacterial infection and inflammation of the air cells of the mastoid bone |
| Meniere disease | condition associated with severe vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus; related to overproduction or decreased absorption of endolymph |
| mixed hearing loss | combination of both sensorinural and conductive hearing loss |
| myofascia | outer membrane of muscle tissue |
| myopia | error in refraction; commonly known as nearsightedness |
| neurogenic | pain originating within the nervous system |
| neuromatrix theory | suggests that pain is a multidimensional experience |
| neuropathic | pain originating within the nervous system |
| nociceptive | origination of pain outside of the nervous system |
| nystagmus | involuntary, irregular oscillations of the eye |
| olfaction | sense of smell |
| Organ of corti | sensory receptor in the cochlea containing hair cells |
| ossicles | bones of the middle ear; include the malleus, incus and stapes |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the skin of the external ear; commonly known as "swimmer's ear" |
| Otitis media | infection of the middle ear |
| otoacoustic emission (OAE) | tests used to evaluate outer hair cell function |
| oval window | marks the boundary between the middle ear and the beginning point of the inner ear |
| pattern theory | a group of theories that suggest that nonspecific receptors transmit specific patterns influenced by duration of pain sensation, quantity of tissue involved, and summation of impulses |
| perilymph | fluid filling the cochlea |
| pinna | tissue of the outer ear |
| presbyopia | condition of farsightedness associated with aging; results from the inability of the ciliary muscle and lens to accommodate for near vision |
| presbycusis | sensorineural hearing loss consistent with aging; associated with tinnitus |
| pupil | opening in the iris; controls the amount of light that enters the eye |
| pure tone bone conduction | used to evaluate the inner ear function, independent of middle and outer ear function |
| retina | ocular structure located over the posterior two-thirds of the eye; contains photoreceptor cells |
| rhodopsin | photopigment produced by the rods of the retina |
| rods | photoreceptor cells of the retina; produce the photopigment rhodopsin, allowing vision in dim light |
| saccule | structural component of the semicircular canal |
| semicircular canal | inner ear structures regulating balance; composed of the utricle and the saccule |
| sensorineural hearing loss | permanent hearing loss, resulting from disease, trauma, or genetic inheritance of a defect in the cochlea nerve cells |
| specificity theory | theory of pain suggesting that sensations of touch, warmth, cold and pain involve specific receptors and pathways |
| stapes | one of three bones comprising the ossicle of the ear; also known as the stirrup |
| strabismus | lack of coordination of extrinsic eye muscles; results in a condition known as "cross-eyed" |
| thermoreceptor | receptor that recognizes thermal sensation |
| tinnitus | ringing or whistling in the ears |
| trabecular network | the meshlike ocular structure responsible for the reabsorption of aqueous humor |
| two-point discrimination | discriminative pathway allowing the identification of an object based on touch or the location of skin touch in two different areas |
| tympanic membrane | located at the end of the ear canal opposite the external auditory meatus; structure making the boundary of the middle ear; commonly known as the "ear drum" |
| tympanometry | measures the degree of movement of the tympanic membrane to identify middle ear fluid, perforation, or cerumen blockage of the ear canal |
| utricle | structural component of the semicircular canal |
| uveal-scleral outflow pathway | route of reabsorption of a small quantity of aqueous humor |
| visual processing | coordination of visual images in the brain during the sequence of steps from visual receptor signaling to cognitive recognition |
| wet (exudative) macular degeneration | known as choroidal neovascularization |
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