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Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cartilage | nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly in joint |
| detoxification | removal of poison from a tissue or substance |
| ligament | band of fibrous connective tissue connecting bone to bone |
| muscle | tissue consisting of contractile cells |
| tendon | band of fibrous connective tissue connecting muscle to bone |
| cortex | outer portion of an organ, such as bone |
| diaphysis | the shaft of a long bone |
| endosteum | membrane lining the inner cavity of a long bone |
| epiphysis | expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone |
| epiphyseal plate | layer of cartilage between epiphysis and diaphysis; when bone bone growth occurs |
| haversian canals | vascular canals in bone |
| lacuna | small space or cavity within the matrix of bone |
| marrow | fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones |
| matrix | substance that surrounds cells, manufactured by cells, and holds them together |
| metaphysis | region between the diaphysis and the epiphysis |
| osteoblast | bone-forming cell |
| osteoclast | bone-removing cell |
| osteocyte | mature bone cell |
| osteogenesis | creation or formation of new bone |
| osteoporosis | condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile, and more likely to fragile |
| periosteum | strong membrane surrounding a bone |
| achondroplasia | condition with abnormal conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | inherited condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, brittle bones |
| osteomalacia | soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone tissue |
| osteopenia | decreased calcification of bone |
| resorption | loss of substance, such as bone |
| rickets | disease in children due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones |
| sarcoma | a malignant tumor originating in connective tissue |
| osteogenic sarcoma | malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells |
| callus | mass of fibrous connective tissue that forms at a fracture site |
| cancellous | bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structure |
| hematoma | collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissues |
| closed fracture | a bone is broken but the skin over it is intact |
| comminuted fracture | a fracture in which the bone is broken into many pieces |
| compete fracture | a bone is broken into two separate pieces |
| compression fracture | fracture caused by crushing of the bones into each other |
| displaced fracture | a fracture in which the fragments are separated and are not in alignment |
| greenstick fracture | a fracture in which one side one side of the bone is partially broken and the other is side is bent |
| incomplete fracture | a fracture that does not extend across the bone |
| linear fracture | a fracture running parallel to the length of the bone |
| oblique fracture | a diagonal fracture across the long axis of the bone |
| open fracture | the skin over the fracture is broken |
| pathologic fracture | fracture occurring at a that was already weakened by disease, such as cancer |
| articulation | another term for a joint |
| bursa | a closed sac containing synovial fluid |
| gomphosis | joint formed by a peg and socket |
| meniscus | disc of connective tissue cartilage between the bones of a joint |
| suture | two bones are joined together by fibrous periosteum. as in the skull |
| symphysis | two bones joined by fibrocartilage, as in the pubic symphysis |
| abduction | action of moving away from the midline |
| adduction | action of moving toward the midline |
| circumduction | movement of an extremity in a circular motion |
| eversion | a turning outward |
| inversion | a turning inward |
| flexion | when a joint is bent to decrease its angle |
| extension | when a joint is straightened to increase its angle |
| pronation | turning the palm of the hand downward |
| supination | turning the palm of the hand facing upward |
| interphalangeal | pertaining to the joints between two phalanges |
| metacarpophalangeal | pertaining to the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges |
| osteoarthritis | chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function; wear and tear type of arthritis |
| ulna | medial and larger bone of the forearm |
| cervical | pertaining to the neck region |
| foramen | an opening through a structure |
| intervertebral | located between two vertebrae |
| kyphosis | abnormal, exaggerated thoracic curve of the vertebral column |
| lordosis | abnormal, exaggerated lumbar curve of the vertebral column |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column |
| conchae | (plural) shell-shaped bone on the medial wall of the nasal cavity |
| vomer | bone of the nasal septum |
| dislocation | the state of being completely out of joint |
| subluxation | incomplete dislocation in which some contact between the joint surfaces remain |
| radius | forearm bone on the thumb side |
| carpals | collective term for the bones of the wrist |
| Colles fracture | fracture of the distal radius (wrist); usually results from falling on outstretched hands |
| metacarpals | the five bones between the carpals and the phalanges |
| phalanges | the bones of the fingers or toes |
| contracture | muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis |
| acetabulum | cup-shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint |
| avascular | without a blood supply |
| necrosis | death of cells or tissue |
| chondromalacia | softening and degeneration of cartilage |
| calcaneous | heel bone |
| hallux valgus | deviation of the big toe toward the lateral side |
| pes planus | lack of arch support resulting in flat foot |
| talipes equinovarus | deformity of the foot causing it to turn inward; also called clubfoot |
| talus | tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint |
| arthocentesis | withdraw of fluid from a joint with a needle |
| arthodesis | fixation oor stiffening of a joint by surgery |
| arthrography | x-ray of a joint using contrast medium |
| arthroplasty | surgery to restore function of a joint |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of the inside of a joint |
| fasciotomy | incision through a band of fascia |
Created by:
Prof Parker
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