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7th Grade Ch 7

Minerals and Rocks

TermDefinition
mineral a solid that is naturally occurring, inorganic, and has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
crystal structure the orderly, repeating pattern of atoms in a crystal
crystallization the process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly, repeating pattern
streak the color of a mineral's powder
luster the way that a mineral's surface reflects or absorbs light
cleavage the breaking of a mineral along a smooth, flat surface
fracture the breaking of a mineral along rough or irregular surfaces
ore deposits of metallic or nonmetallic minerals that can be produced at a profit
rock a naturally occurring solid mixture composed of minerals, smaller rock fragments, organic matter, or glass
grain the individual particles of a rock
magma molten rock inside the earth
lava molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface
texture describes the grain size and how grains are arranged
sediment rock and mineral fragments that are loose or suspended in water
lithification the process through which sediment turns into rock
foliation process that results when pressures cause flat minerals to line up, giving the rock a layered appearance
rock cycle the series of processes that continuously change one rock into another
extrusive rock igneous rock that is formed when lava cools and crystallizes on Earth's surface
intrusive rock igneous rock that is formed when magma cools and crystallizes inside Earth
uplift the process that moves large amounts of rock up to Earth's surface and to higher elevations
deposition the process of laying down sediment in a new location
Created by: lrlong7
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