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EMR Unit 6
vocab words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cardiogenic shock | The result of the heart being unable to supply adequate blood circulation to the vital organs, resulting in an inadequate supply of nutrients; caused by trauma or disease. |
| Dilation | The process of enlargement, stretching or expansion; used to describe blood vessels. |
| Distributive shock | A type of shock caused by inadequate distribution of blood, either in the blood vessels or throughout the body, leading to inadequate volumes of blood returning to the heart. |
| Hypoperfusion | A life-threatening condition in which the circulatory system fails to adequately circulate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body; also referred to as shock. |
| Hypovolemic shock | A type of shock caused by an abnormal decrease in blood volume. |
| Neurogenic | vasogenic shock |
| Obstructive shock | A type of shock caused by any obstruction to blood flow, usually within the blood vessels, such as a pulmonary embolism. |
| Respiratory shock | A type of shock caused by the failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen into the bloodstream; occurs with respiratory distress or arrest. |
| Septic shock | A type of distributive shock that occurs when an infection has spread to the point that bacteria are releasing toxins into the bloodstream, causing blood pressure to drop when the tissues become damaged from the circulating toxins. |
| Shock | A life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails to provide adequate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body; also referred to as hypoperfusion. |
| Adult respiratory distress syndrome | A lung condition in which trauma to the lungs leads to inflammation, accumulation of fluid in the alveolar air sacs, low blood oxygen and respiratory distress. |
| Arteries | Large blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body, except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs. |
| Bandage | Material used to wrap or cover a part of the body; commonly used to hold a dressing or splint in place. |
| Bandage compress | A thick gauze dressing attached to a gauze bandage. |
| Bleeding | The loss of blood from arteries, veins or capillaries. |
| Blood volume | The total amount of blood circulating within the body. |
| Capillaries | Tiny blood vessels linking arteries and veins that transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood to all body cells and remove waste products. |
| Clotting | The process by which blood thickens at a wound site to seal an opening in a blood vessel and stop bleeding. |
| Contusion | An injury to the soft tissues that results in blood vessel damage (usually to capillaries) and leakage of blood into the surrounding tissues; commonly referred to as a bruise. |
| Direct pressure | Pressure applied on a wound to control bleeding. |
| Dressing | A pad placed directly over a wound to absorb blood and other body fluids and to prevent infection. |
| Elastic bandage | A bandage designed to keep continuous pressure on a body part; also called an elastic wrap. |
| External bleeding | Bleeding on the outside of the body; often, visible bleeding. |
| Golden Hour | A term sometimes used to describe the first hour after a life-threatening traumatic injury; providing early interventions and advanced medical care during this time frame can result in the best chance of survival. |
| Head-on collision | A collision in which a vehicle hits an object, such as a tree or other vehicle, straight on. |
| Hemorrhage | The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time or when there is continuous bleeding. |
| Hemostatic agent | A method of external hemorrhage control that uses a substance that absorbs or adsorbs moisture from blood and speeds the process of coagulation and clot formation to achieve hemostasis (control of bleeding). |
| Internal bleeding | Bleeding inside the body. |
| Occlusive dressing | A special type of dressing that does not allow air or fluid to pass through. |
| Perfusion | The circulation of blood through the body or through a particular body part for the purpose of exchanging oxygen and nutrients with carbon dioxide and other wastes. |
| Pressure bandage | A bandage applied snugly to create pressure on a wound, to aid in controlling bleeding. |
| Pressure points | Sites on the body where pressure can be applied to major arteries to slow the flow of blood to a body part. |
| Roller bandage | A bandage made of gauze or gauze-like material that is wrapped around a body part, over a dressing, using overlapping turns until the dressing is covered. |
| Rollover | A collision in which the vehicle rolls over. |
| Rotational impact | A collision in which the impact occurs off center and causes the vehicle to rotate until it either loses speed or strikes another object. |
| Side-impact collision | A collision in which the impact is at the side of the vehicle; also known as a broadside or t-bone collision. |
| Tourniquet | A tight, wide band placed around an arm or a leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound. |
| Trauma dressing | A dressing used to cover very large wounds and multiple wounds in one body area; also called a universal dressing. |
| Abrasion | The most common type of open wound; characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away. |
| Amputation | The complete removal or severing of an external body part. |
| Avulsion | An injury in which a portion of the skin, and sometimes other soft tissue, is partially or completely torn away. |
| Burn | An injury to the skin or other body tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or radiation. |
| Chemical burn | A burn caused by strong, caustic chemicals damaging the skin. |
| Closed wound | A wound in which soft tissue damage occurs beneath the skin and the skin is not broken. |
| Compartment syndrome | Condition in which there is swelling and an increase in pressure within a limited space that presses on and compromises blood vessels, nerves and tendons that run through that limited space. |
| Critical burn | Any burn that is potentially life threatening, disabling or disfiguring; a burn requiring advanced medical care. |
| Crush injury | An injury to a body part, often an extremity, caused by a high degree of pressure; may result in serious damage to underlying tissues and cause bleeding, bruising, fracture, laceration and compartment syndrome. |
| Dermis | The deeper layer of the skin; contains the nerves, sweat glands, oil glands and blood vessels. |
| Electrical burn | A burn caused by contact with an electrical source, which allows an electrical current to pass through the body. |
| Epidermis | The outer layer of the skin; provides a barrier to bacteria and other organisms that can cause infection. |
| Full-thickness burn | A burn injury involving all layers of skin and underlying tissues; skin may be brown or charred, and underlying tissues may appear white; also referred to as a third-degree burn. |
| Hypodermis | A deeper layer of skin, located below the epidermis and dermis, that contains fat, blood vessels and connective tissues. |
| Laceration | A cut, usually from a sharp object, that can have either jagged or smooth edges. |
| Open wound | A wound resulting in a break in the skin’s surface. |
| Partial-thickness burn | A burn injury involving the epidermis and dermis, characterized by red, wet skin and blisters; also referred to as a second- degree burn. |
| Puncture | penetration |
| Radiation burn | A burn caused by exposure to radiation, either nuclear (e.g., radiation therapy) or solar (e.g., radiation from the sun). |
| Rule of Nines | A method for estimating the extent of a burn; divides the body into 11 surface areas, each of which comprises approximately 9 percent of the body, plus the genitals, which are approximately 1 percent. |
| Soft tissues | Body structures that include the layers of skin, fat and muscles. |
| Superficial burn | A burn injury involving only the top layer of skin, characterized by red, dry skin; also referred to as a first-degree burn. |
| Wound | An injury to the soft tissues. |
| Chest tube | A tube surgically inserted into the chest to drain blood, fluid or air, and to allow the lungs to expand. |
| Evisceration | A severe injury that causes the abdominal organs to protrude through the wound. |
| Flail chest | A serious injury in which multiple rib fractures result in a loose section of ribs that does not move normally with the rest of the chest during breathing and often moves in the opposite direction. |
| Hemopneumothorax | An accumulation of blood and air between the lungs and chest wall. |
| Hemothorax | An accumulation of blood between the lungs and chest wall; caused by bleeding that may be from the chest wall, lung tissue or major blood vessels in the thorax. |
| Hypotension | Abnormally low blood pressure. |
| Impaled object | An object that remains embedded in an open wound; also referred to as an embedded object. |
| Intercostal | Located between the ribs. |
| Parenchyma | Tissue that is involved in the functioning of a structure or organ as opposed to its supporting structures. |
| Percussion | A technique of tapping on the surface of the body and listening to the resulting sounds, to learn about the condition of the area beneath. |
| Peritoneum | The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs. |
| Pleural space | The space between the lungs and chest wall. |
| Pneumothorax | Collapse of a lung due to pressure on it caused by air in the chest cavity. |
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage | Broken blood vessels in the eyes. |
| Subcutaneous emphysema | A rare condition in which air gets into tissues under the skin that covers the chest wall or neck; may occur as a result of wounds to those areas. |
| Sucking chest wound | A chest wound in which an object, such as a knife or bullet, penetrates the chest wall and lung, allowing air to pass freely in and out of the chest cavity; breathing causes a sucking sound, hence the term. |
| Tension pneumothorax | A life-threatening injury in which the lung is completely collapsed and air is trapped in the pleural space. |
| Thoracic | Relating to the thorax, or chest cavity. |
| Traumatic asphyxia | Severe lack of oxygen due to trauma, usually caused by a thoracic injury. |
| Air splint | A hollow, inflatable splint for immobilizing a part of the body. |
| Anatomic splint | A splint formed by supporting an injured part of the body with an uninjured, neighboring body part; for example, splinting one finger against another; also called a self-splint. |
| Angulation | An angular deformity in a fractured bone. |
| Binder | A cloth wrapped around a patient to securely hold the arm against the patient’s chest to add stability; also called a swathe. |
| Bone | A dense, hard tissue that forms the skeleton. |
| Cardiac muscle | A specialized type of muscle found in the heart. |
| Circumferential splint | A type of splint that surrounds or encircles an injured body part. |
| Closed fracture | A type of fracture in which the skin over the broken bone is intact. |
| Cravat | A folded triangular bandage used to hold splints in place. |
| Crepitus | A grating or popping sound under the skin that can be due to a number of causes, including two pieces of bone rubbing against each other. |
| Direct force | A force that causes injury at the point of impact. |
| Dislocation | The displacement of a bone from its normal position at a joint. |
| Extremity | A limb of the body; upper extremity is the arm; lower extremity is the leg. |
| Fracture | A break or disruption in bone tissue. |
| Immobilize | To use a splint or other method to keep an injured body part from moving. |
| Indirect force | A force that transmits energy through the body, causing injury at a distance from the point of impact. |
| Joint | A structure where two or more bones are joined. |
| Ligament | A fibrous band that holds bones together at a joint. |
| Muscle | A tissue that contracts and relaxes to create movement. |
| Open fracture | A type of fracture in which there is an open wound in the skin over the fracture. |
| Rigid splint | A splint made of rigid material such as wood, aluminum or plastic. |
| Self-splint | A splint formed by supporting one part of the body with another; also called an anatomic splint. |
| Smooth muscles | Muscles responsible for contraction of hollow organs such as blood vessels or the gastrointestinal tract. |
| Soft splint | A splint made of soft material such as towels, pillows, slings, swathes and cravats. |
| Splint | A device used to immobilize body parts. |
| Sprain | The partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint. |
| Strain | The excessive stretching and tearing of muscles or tendons; a pulled or torn muscle. |
| Swathe | A cloth wrapped around a patient to securely hold the arm against the patient’s chest, to add stability; also called a binder. |
| Tendon | A fibrous band that attaches muscle to bone. |
| Traction splint | A splint with a mechanical device that applies traction to realign the bones. |
| Twisting force | A force that causes injury when one part of the body remains still while the rest of the body is twisted or turns away from it. |
| Vacuum splint | A splint that can be molded to the shape of the injured area by extracting air from the splint. |
| Voluntary muscles | Muscles that attach to bones; also called skeletal muscles. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | A clear fluid that flows within the ventricles of the brain and around the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cervical collar | A commercially produced rigid device that is positioned around the neck to limit movement of the head and neck; also called a C-collar. |
| Concussion | A temporary loss of brain function caused by a blow to the head. |
| In-line stabilization | A technique used to minimize movement and align the patient’s head and neck with the spine. |
| Manual stabilization | A technique used to achieve spinal motion restriction by manually supporting the patient’s head and neck in the position found without the use of any equipment. |
| Spinal column | The series of vertebrae extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tailbone (coccyx); also referred to as the spine. |
| Spinal cord | A cylindrical structure extending from the base of the skull to the lower back, consisting mainly of nerve cells and protected by the spinal column. |
| Spinal motion restriction | A collective term that includes all methods and techniques used to limit the movement of the spinal column of a patient with a suspected spinal injury. |
Created by:
mkliewer
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