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Gullett-Ch6-Meiosis
Bio-Ch6-Meiosis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| somatic cell | cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs, except gametes |
| gamete | a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote |
| homologous chromosome | chromosomes of the same copies of genes, although the alleles may differ |
| autosome | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an individual |
| fertilization | the union of a male and female gamete to from a zygote |
| dipolid | a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, designated as "2n" |
| haploid | a cell that contains one set of chromosomes, designated as "n" |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions, resulting in the production of sex cells |
| sperm | male gamete |
| egg | female gamete |
| crossing over | a process where homologous pairs of chromosomes swap DNA to create genetically unique chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| gametogenesis | process by which gametes are produced through meiosis and other processes |
| trait | one of two or more possible forms of a character; a recognizable feature or characteristic of an organism |
| genetics | the science of heredity and the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or unit of RNA |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | describes an individual that carries two different alleles of a gene |
| genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual or speices |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from an organism's genotype and the environment |
| dominant | in genetic, describes an allele that is fully expressed whenever the allele is present in an individual |
| recessive | in genetics, describes an allele that is expressed only when no dominant allele is present in an individual |
| Punnett square | a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
Created by:
lpgullett
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