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Ecology
Honors bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| creation mandate | Gen. 1:28 |
| ecology | the study of relationships between organisms and between an organism and its environment |
| ecosystem | all of the living things and nonliving factors, within a limited area |
| nonliving factors | abiotic |
| what are some examples of an abiotic environment | ph level, temperature, radiation, wind, gravity, fire, exc... |
| living things | biotic community |
| abiotic factors: radiation | heat (temp), light (important for photosynthisis |
| abiotic factors: water | allows for biodiversity |
| abiotic factors: water cycle | 1.) evaporation and transpiration, 2.) precipitation, 3) runoff water, 4) ground water |
| abiotic factors: gravity | allows for rain to fall, effects the tides |
| abiotic factors: fire | fire removes organic debris from an ecosystem, fire enriches the soil, some plants cannot reproduce without fire, periodic burning can be good for an ecosystem |
| biotic community: population | all of the same type of organisms in a particular geographical area. |
| biotic community: population studies (3 types) | density, arrangement, dynamics |
| biotic community: population density | the # of organisms in a population |
| biotic community: population arrangement | location of organisms |
| biotic community: population dynamics | changes over time |
| biotic community: life expectancy | birth rate (vs.) death rate |
| biotic community: nutritional relationship- energy relationships | how energy flows through an ecosystem |
| autotroph | producer of usable energy |
| heterotroph | consumer |
| primary consumer | usually herbivores, eats the first organism |
| secondary consumer | usually carnivores or omnivores... eats the organisms that ate the original organism |
| tertiary consumer | usually a carnivor... the 4th consumer who ate the 3rd consumer |
| what does a tertiary have to do when eating food | eat lots, because each time an organism is eaten, there is a 90% energy loss |
| productivity | the rate of photosynthesis carried on by the producers in an ecosystem |
| energy in food chains | only 50% of the total light E is available to plants -> of that only 2% is converted into sugar |
| at each step in the food chain, how much energy is lost | 90% |
| detrius | dead organic matter |
| decomposers | break down detritus into forms that can be used by other organisms |
| detrivors | organisms that feed on detritus (ex: worms) |
| biomass | measure of the total mass of living tissue in an ecosystem |
| types of ecological pyramids | productivity, numbers, biomass |
| biodiversity | the # of different species in an ecosystem |
| species interactions: neutralism effects | 0 0 |
| species interactions: competition effects | - - |
| species interactions: predation and parasitism effects | - + |
| species interactions: mutualism | + + |
| species interactions: amensalism effects | 0 - |
| species interactions: comensalism | 0 + |
| parasitism: important fact | dependent on a host |
| mutualism: important facts | beneficial to both, may or may not be obligatory |
| mutualism: example | clown fish and sea anemone |
| types of symbiosis | amensolism and comensalism |
| biosphere | the thin shell around the earth in which living organisms exist |
| habitat | area where the organism lives (its address) , includes both the abiotic environment and the biotic community |
| niche | what an organism does and how it affects its habitat (its job) , Includes both the abiotic and biotic conditions and how they are used |
| oxygen, carbon cycle | between plants and animals |
| competition: important fact | occurs when to niches overlap |
| generalists | have a large niche because they can tolerate a wide range of conditions |
| specialists | have a very small niche, usually endangered species |
| 2nd law of therodynamics | entropy |
| no energy = | no life |
| is energy cyclic | no |
| limiting factors: definition | factors that limit the growth or existence of an organism |
| limiting factors: examples | temperature, H2O, O2, CO2, sunlight, predators |
| limiting factors: how much | could be too much or too little of a factor |
| limiting factors: wide range of tolerance for all factors = | wide distribution |
| limiting factors: types of reproduction | density dependent, density independent |
| biogeochemical cycle | the movement of a substance through the biosphere |
| why do populations change over time | birth rate vs. death rate, also immigration vs. emigration |
| when does a population stay fairly consistent | when rates are balanced |
| Limiting factors that influence population growth | exponential growth, logistic growth |
| exponential growth: definition | a sudden bloom or growth in a population or factor |
| logistic growth: definition | usually happens after exponential growth |
| succession | the predictable, gradual change of a biotic community over time |
| succession: process | pioneer organisms --> developmental stages --> climax vegitation |
| types of succession | primary and secondary |
| primary succession: definition | starts with bare rock. (usually after a volcanic eruption) |
| secondary succession: definition | soil is present at the beginning, fields eventually re-grow (ex: recovery after forest fire) |
| nitrogen cycle | found in DNA and RNA bases, found in amino acids and proteins. common in the atmo |
| nitrogen fixation | mutualistic between plants and bacteria |
| combatting the extreme: "use it however you want"::: two arguments | The world belongs to God, God's design for mans dominion is not careless use |
| combatting the extreme: scriptures for the world belongs to God: for "use it however you want" | Gen. 1 &2, Psalm 24:1 |
| combatting the extreme: scriptures for God's design for mans dominion is not for careless use: for "use it however you want" | Gen. 2:15 |
| Gen. 2:15 | "God took man and put him in the garden of Eden to dress it ad keep it" |
| combatting the extreme: "leave the earth as natural state as possible::: argument | All life is NOT of equal value |
| combatting the extreme: "leave the earth as natural state as possible: all life is NOT of equal value:: scriptures | Gen. 1: 26-27, Gen. 1:28, Matthew 10: 29-31, Matthew 6: 26 |
| Matthew 10: 29-31 | vs. 31 says: "Fear ye not, therefore, ye are of more value than sparrows |
| Matthew 6:26 | vs. 26 talks about how humans are more valuable than birds |
| A balanced approach to man and the biosphere | stewardship |
| stewardship definition | a faithful steward works to preserve and improves his charge for the owner |
| Man's charge = | the earth |
| the earths owner = | God |
| combatting the extreme: "leave the earth as natural state as possible: argument about not using any materials | Parable of the talents from the Bible - Matthew 25 |
| What is the parable of the talents (Matthew 25) | A master left his house to his servants. He gave them each talents (money). When he returned, 1 servant had buried the money and didn't use it. (He was condemned) the other 2 servant who used the money wisely were blessed |
| Is man a consumer | yes |
| man is a manager - how do we know this | the Creation Mandate |
| Invasive species | a non-native species that adversely affect a habitat |
| Invasive species: reasons for introductions | exhibits, accidental transport, unwanted pets |
| Invasive species: example of accidental transport | brown snakes in Guam |
| Polution | the contamination of the environment with natural or man-made substances |
| types of pollutants | biodegradable, or, nonbiodegratable |
| biological magnification | the concentration of a substance as it passes through the food chain |
| water pollution | 2 types: point source, nonpoint source |
| air polution | acid rain, global warming |
| soil pollution | gravity pulls the pollutants down into the water |
| hazardous wastes (as a pollutant) | plastic, styrofoam, glass |
| energy pollution | heat light, sound. Ex; turtles are affected by this pollution |
| roles of an ecologist | study, predict, recommend |
| animal baiting | animal vs. human (animal must fight for his life) |
| Biblical examples of animals being used as food | Gen. 1:30 - And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the heavens and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food.” And it was so. |
| Biblical examples of animal skins being used | John the Baptist wore animal skins, also part of the tabernacle was made out of animal skins |
| Pantheism | the belief that God is creation (He is in everything. rocks, trees, exc.... ) |
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nightworks
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