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Fluid & Electrolytes

Patho

TermDefinition
Hypernatremia Ion with negative charge.
Hyperphosphatemia Is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a elevated level of phosphate in the blood.
Hypertonic Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
Hypervolemia A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too high.
Hypocalcemia A condition in which the blood has too little calcium.
Hypochloremia Is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of the chloride ions in the blood.
Hypokalemia Deficient potassium in the blood.
Hypomagnesemia Is an electrolyte disturbance caused when there is a low level of serum magnesium in the blood.
Hypophosphatemia Is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood.
Hypotonic Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution.
Hypovolemia A decreased volume of circulating blood in the body.
Intracellular Compartment The space within the organism's cells; it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes.
Ions An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Isotonic When the concentration of two solutions is the same.
Loop Diuretics A powerful diuretic which inhibits resorption of water and sodium from the Loop of Henle.
Anuria Absent urine output.
Ascites Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Auquaporins Channels in cell membrane; Allow water movement between compartments.
Cation ion with positive charge.
Diuretics Drugs that increase urine production.
Electrolytes Ionizable substances in solution,conduct electricity in solution.
Extracellular Compartment Body fluids in the interstitial tissue and plasma outside the cells.
Filtration Pressure Force that promotes movement of fluids across a pressure gradient.
Hepatorenal Syndrome Renal failure caused by severe renal vasoconstriction in patients with liver disease.
Hydrostatic Forces Forces promoting fluid movement between extracellular compartments.
Hypercalcemia Blood calcium levels greater than 10.5 mg/dL
Hyperchloremia Blood chloride levels greater than 108 mEq/L
Hyperkalemia Potassium blood levels less than 3.5
Hypermagnesemia Magnesium blood levels less than 1.5
Lymphedema Obstructed lymph flow with movement of fluid into the intersitium
Oliguria Reduced urine output
Osmole Unit of measure reflecting the osmotic activity that nondiffusible particles exert in pulling water from one side of the semipermeable membrane to the other.
Osmolality Osmolar concentration in 1 kg of water (mOsm/kg of H20); used to describe fluids within the body
Osmolarity Osmolar concentration in 1 L of water (mOsm/L); used when referring to fluids outside the body
Osmoreceptors Sensory neurons in the hypothalamus that promote thirst
Osmosis Water movement to an area of higher concentration of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles; regulated by the concentration of particles that do not diffuse across the semipermeable membrane
Osmotic Pressure Force generated as water moves through the membrane by osmosis
Paracentesis insertion of a cannula into the peritoneal cavity for removal of ascitic fluid
Pitting edema Edema that leaves an impression when pressure is placed
Portal hypertension Elevation in the hepatic pressure of the liver
Ringer lactate Crystalloid intravenous fluid containing sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and lactate
Thiazide diuretic Drug that increases urine output through prevention of NaCl reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule
Turgor Fullness; evaluation made on skin to determine hydration status
Urine specific gravity Measurement of the concentration of particles in the urine, comparing the weight of urine to the weight of water
Created by: DocMorris
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