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Bio Cell Structures

The Sturcture and Functions of Cell Structures

TermDefinition
Nucleus Function Information storage and transmission. Ribosome subunit assembly. Structural Support.
Ribosomes Function Protein Synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Function Lipid synthesis and processing
Golgi Apparatus Function Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate processing
Lysosomes Function Digestion and recycling
Vacuoles Function Storage, digestion, and recycling
Peroxisomes Function Oxidation of fatty acids, ehtanol, and other compounds
Mitochondria Function ATP Production
Chloroplasts Function Production of sugars via photosynthesis
Cytoskeleton Function Structural support; movement of materials; in some species, movement of whole cell
Plasma Membrane Function Selective permeability - maintains intracellular environment
Cell Wall Function Protection, structural support
Nucleus Structure Membrane: Double "envelope" openings called nuclear pores Components: Chromosomes, Nucleolus and Nuclear Lamina
Ribosomes Structure Membrane: None Components: Complex of RNA and Proteins
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure Membrane: Single; contains receptors for entry of selected proteins Components: Network of branching sacs. Ribosomes associated
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure Membrane: Single; contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids Components: Networks of branching sacs. Enzymes for synthesizing or breaking down lipids
Golgi Apparatus Structure Membrane: Single; contains receptors for products of rough ER Components: Stack of flattened, distinct cisternae
Lysosomes Structure Membrane: Single; contains proton pumps Components: Acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolosis reactions)
Vacuoles Structure Membrane: Single; contains transporters for selected molecules Components: Varies - carbohydrates, water, pigments, oils, toxins, or hydrolases
Peroxisomes Structure Membrane: Single; contains transporters for selected macromolecules Components: Enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions. Catalase (Processes peroxide)
Mitochondria Structure Membrane: Double; inner contains enzymes for ATP production Components: Enzymes that harvest energy from molecules to make ATP
Chloroplasts Structure Membrane: Double; plus membrane - bound sacs in interior Components: Pigments. Enzymes that use light energy to make sugar
Cytoskeleton Structure Membrane: None Components: Actin Filaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules
Plasma Membrane Structure Membrane: Single; contains transport and receptor proteins Components: Phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins
Cell Wall Structure Membrane: None Components: Carbohydrate fibers running through carbohydrate or protein matrix
Created by: ethom1388
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