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Molecular Genetics

WordDefinition
DNA Replication Process in which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis.
Double Helix Shape of DNA molecule formed when two twisted DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.
Nitrogen Base Carbon ring structure found in the DNA and RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil.
Codon Set of three nitrogenous bases that represents an amino acid; order of nitrogenous bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein.
mRNA RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cells cytoplasm.
rRNA RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assemble amino acids in the correct order.
Transcription Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make and RNA copy of a DNA strand.
tRNA RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins.
Translation Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Chromosomal Mutation Mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of the chromosome start to break off or rejoin incorrectly
Frameshift Mutation Mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base.
Mutagen Any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures.
Mutation Any change or random error in DNA sequence.
Point Mutation Mutation in DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair.
Clone Genetically identical copies of an organism or gene.
Gene Splicing In recombination DNA technology, the rejoining of DNA fragments by vectors and other enzymes.
Genetic Engineering Method of cutting DNA from one organism and inserting the DNA fragment into a host organism from the same or different organism.
Frameshift Mutation Mutation that occurs when a single
Created by: dtierney1914
 

 



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