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HLTINF001
Comply with infection prevention and control policies and procedures
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Infection Control | The prevention of the spread of micro-organisms. the selection and use of procedures and products to prevent the spread of infectious disease. |
| Bacteria | simple, one celled organisms that multiply rapidly. They can form spores. Example: TB, tetanus |
| Viruses | Very small, smaller than bacteria, only can be seen by microscope. Example: Hep A, B, C, HIV, Influenza, Chicken pox |
| What is a Pathogen? | Pathos = disease Gen = to produce Pathogen = A disease causing organism |
| Fungi | simple, plant like organisms that live on organic matter. |
| Direct Transmission | skin to skin |
| Indirect Transmission | contact with contaminated object/surface. Example Fomite |
| Airborne Transmission | by airborne droplets or dust containing the infectious agent |
| Droplet Transmission | respiratory droplets generated when patient coughs, sneezes, talks. Transmission through nose and/or mouth |
| Standard Precautions | Precautions we use when we have to come in contact with any bodily fluids Work practices required for a safe, basic level of infection control for ALL patients regardless of their perceived infectious status |
| Standard precautions apply to: | Blood All body substances Non-intact skin Mucous membranes |
| Personal Protective Equipment | Gloves Apron Protective eyewear Mask |
| When are gloves worn? | Gloves are to be worn at all times when performing any type of Pathology procedure, as a barrier to protect hands from contamination or to prevent transfer of organisms already on the hands |
| When are Apron, Eyewear & Masks worn? | Apron, Eyewear & Mask: - must be worn where there is a likelihood of splashing or splattering of blood or other body substances e.g.: throat swab, urea breath test, separating specimens, etc. |
| How is bleach solution prepared? | Bleach solution prepared in a 1:10 ratio E.g. 100 mL bleach with 900 mL water |
| Spill kit consists of: | Instructions Personal protective equipment: mask, apron, gloves Material with which to absorb the spill: absorbent powder, Ph neutral detergent, absorbent cleaning cloths Biohazard waste bag (yellow bag) Scoop and scraper |
| Cleaning Spills with Spill Kit | 1 Use PPE provided in kit. 2 Absorb spill with paper towel by wiping from the outside towards the centre. 3 Dispose of into the biohazard bag. 4 Pour absorbent powder evenly over the spill. 5 Allow powder to absorb. 6Use scraper and scoop |
| Cleaning of a Centrifuge | Safety alert : PPE must be worn – goggles, gloves, and apron. Routine cleaning: Turn machine off Wipe interior of centrifuge with solution for cleaning the centrifuge Wipe dry |
| Specimen breakage during centrifugation | don PPE Tweezers used to remove broken tube. Turn the centrifuge off immediately and wait 20 minutes for the aerosol to settle Remove pieces of broken tube with the tweezers and dispose in sharps container |
| Bench - roll or bunk paper | need to be changed after each patient, if sheets are soiled replace with fresh linen immediately. If soiled with body fluids (except sweat) dispose of in contaminated waste otherwise in normal waste |
| Dental bib | single use-must be changed after every patient |
| Kidney dish: | to be wiped with alcohol wipes after every patient |
| Linen with blood: | place it in linen bag and send it to laundry |
| Types of waste bins: | 1. Sharp bin 2. Contaminated/biohazard bin 3. Normal bin |
| What goes in the sharps bin? | Broken glass/needles/glass slide/razor |
| What goes in Contaminated bin? | Blood stained cotton ball, tube/that may have a drop of blood, gloves, alcohol wipe and anything contaminated is disposed into contaminated bin. |
| What goes in Normal bin /Domestic? | Bed roll: if soiled with sweat only; otherwise in contaminated waste. Wrapping from band-aid/alcohol wipes. Lid from the needle. Any other waste that has not been in contact with body fluids. |
| Clean areas: | Administration/Clerical/Reception areas/ Staff tea room |
| Dirty areas: | Specimen reception and preparation areas, collecting rooms, toilets |
| What to do for a needle stick injury? | Step 1 – Allow to bleed freely, DO NOT squeeze Step 2 – Wash exposed area with soap and water Step 3 – Apply clean dressing |
| What to do for a splash on intact skin? | – Wash area with soap and water |
| What to do for eye splash? | Step 1 – Do not rub affected eye/s Step 2 – Rinse the eye gently and thoroughly with water or normal saline, and allow water to run to the outside of the face to prevent contamination of the other eye |
| What to do for mouth splash? | Step 1 – Spit out and rinse well with water several times |
| Who to contact and report the incident? | Supervisor/Area Manager/Collection Manager |
| Incident Report Form: | Must be completed ASAP no longer than 24 hrs Submit to your Supervisor/ Manager |
| microorganism/microbe | a small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye |
| airborne precautions: | pt. must be in private room with doors shut each person who enters the room must wear respiratory protection and PPE |
| droplet precautions | used on patients who are infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing |
| Gowns, masks and eye protection | Worn during any procedure that causes splashing or spraying of body fluids |
| Biohazard | a substance that poses a biologic risk because it is contaminated with biomaterial with a potential for transmitting infection. |
| Susceptible host | host not possessing resistance against an infectious agent. |
| Pathogen | a virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease. |
| Fomite | an inanimate object or material on which disease-producing agents(microorganisms) may be conveyed. |
| asepsis or aseptic technique means continually striving for the _______ __ _________ | absence of pathogens |
| for an infection to develop, each link in the chain of infection must be _________ | Connected |
| types of microorganisms | Bacteria, Viruses, Funghi |
| the most effective way to decrease the spread of infection is? | Hand Washing |
| the 4 modes of pathogen transmission: | Direct, indirect, airborne, droplet, vector |
| What are the 6 links in the chain of infection? | 1. The infectious agent 2. Reservoir 3. Portals of entry 4. Modes of Transmission 5. Portals of exit 6. Susceptible host |
| What is an infection? | An infection occurs when invading micro-organisms cause ill health. They include : Viruses Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Prions |
| For Infection to Occur: | 1. Microorganisms must enter the body 2. Grow and multiply 3. Cause a response – signs and symptoms |
| Infectious agent | bacteria, virus, funghi |
| Reservoir | people, food, equipment, food, soil, water |
| Portal of exit | blood, excretions, secretions |
| Transmission | direct/indirect contact, airborne, droplet, vector |
| Portal of entry | broken skin, respiratory tract, body orifices, mucous membranes |
| Susceptible host | elderly, chronically ill, invasive procedures, newborn, immunosuppressed, unvaccinated |
| Break the chain of infection by: | Handwashing Standard precautions Additional precautions Sharps safety Exposure policy Staff vaccination Single use policy Waste management policy |
| Handwashing Techniques | 1. Routine hand wash 10-15 seconds 2. Aseptic procedures 1 minute 3. Surgical wash 3-5 minutes |
| Additional Precautions | Used for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonised with infectious agents that cannot be contained with standard precautions alone. |
| Additional Precautions | Single room with ensuite Dedicated toilet – diarrhoea Cohorting Special ventilation + use of protective barriers – Tb particulate mask Rostering of immune HCWs to care for patients Dedicated patient equipment Restricted movement of patients |
| Safe Handling of Sharps | Use appropriate sharps containers Discard used sharps immediately Do not pass sharps by hand between HCWs Avoid recapping needles Do not force sharps into container Do not over-fill sharps containers |
| Exposure Policy | First aid Report incident promptly to management Evaluation of exposure – medical practitioner Action Follow-up action, counselling Ensure full documentation of incident |
| Single Use Policy | Single use equipment minimises the risk of cross-infection Any items marked by manufacturer as single use should be discarded after use Single use vials or ampoules must be used wherever these are available |
| Staff Health | Good personal hygiene Seek prompt diagnosis and treatment of personal illness Staff immunisation |
| Blood and Body Substances | Don personal protective equipment Confine and contain the spill Treat waste as infectious Clean spill site according to hospital policy Carpet – clean with neutral detergent and arrange carpet cleaner as soon as possible |
| Linen | Clean and soiled linen kept separate PPE when handling soiled linen Place wet/contaminated linen in a see- through plastic bag – to prevent leakage Only ¾ fill linen bags Used linen must not be rinsed or sorted in resident/patient care areas |
| Waste Management | Waste should be segregated at point of generation Place clinical waste in yellow containers or bags bearing biohazard symbol Do not over fill bags or containers Do not compact by hand Follow state and national guidelines or codes |
Created by:
Mitchimas
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