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Biochemistry Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acid | a compound that releases Hydrogen ions when mixed with water. pH 0-6.9 |
| amino acid | the monomer (building block) of proteins |
| atom | the basic unit of matter |
| base | a compound that releases Hydroxide ions when mixed with water. pH 8-14 |
| carbohydrate | a complex macromolecule that provides short term energy. |
| compound | two or more elements combined, example water |
| covalent bond | a bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms |
| disaccharide | any sugar that contains two monosaccharides |
| element | a pure substance made of only one type of atom, example gold |
| enzyme | a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy needed |
| fatty acid | one of the building blocks of lipids, forms one or two tails depending on the lipid |
| glycerol | another building block of lipids, forms the "head" of the lipid |
| hydrogen bond | a bond formed between two molecules when the positive hydrogen bonds with a negative oxygen in the case of water |
| ion | an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. "hydrogen ions" |
| lipid | macromolecule used for long term energy storage, waterproofing, insulation |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism |
| mixture | a substance where the individual parts can be physically separated |
| molecule | a group of atoms bonded together that are the smallest functional unit of a chemical compound |
| monosaccharide | monomer of a carbohydrate, example glucose |
| monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. ex: many glucoses = carbohydrate |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that plays a role in storing and transmitting genetic information. DNA and RNA |
| nucleotide | monomer of a nucleic acid. made of a nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate group |
| peptide bond | a type of covalent bond that holds amino acids together to make a peptide/protein |
| pH | a scale used to specify how acidic or basic a water-based solution is. Acids - 0-6.9 Bases 8-14 |
| polar molecule | a molecule, like water, that has sides that are slightly positive and negative |
| polymer | a macromolecule made of many monomers, like carbs and proteins |
| protein | macromolecule made of amino acids, used for structure, speeding up chemical reactions, as messenger hormones |
| solution | a liquid mixture where the solute is uniformly distributed (soda) |
Created by:
renee.loy
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