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Earthquake Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| p-waves (body waves) | a seismic wave that compresses and expands rock, fastest wave. Can travel through any material- solid rock, magma, ocean water, and even air. |
| s-waves (body waves) | a seismic wave that causes rock to move in a side-to-side direction. Can only travel through- solid materials |
| surface waves | these seismic waves travel more slowly, but are more destructive. Can travel along on the earth's surface |
| seismic waves | a wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| seismologist | someone who studies earthquakes |
| seismogram | an instrument that records seismic waves |
| seismograph | the print out of earthquake activity; shows the p, s, and surface waves Example: Richter Scale |
| focus | a point inside the Earth where the earthquake begins |
| epicenter | the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point or focus |
| fault | a break in the body of a rock which one block slides relative to another (lithosphere) |
| elastic rebound | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
| deformation | the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth's crust; the change in shape of a rock in response to stress |
| richter scale | Measures earthquake intensity on a scale from 1-10 |
| mercalli intensity scale | Measures earthquake intensity and the amount of damage caused by an earthquake (Roman numeral) |
| aftershock | minor shock(s) following the main shock of an earthquake |
| tsunami | a large wave that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands |
| lithosphere | rigid outer part of the earth, crust and outer mantle |
| earthquake | is the shaking of Earth's crust caused by a release of energy |
| causes of earthquakes | -impact of meteor -collapse of cavern -eruption of volcanoes -strain along faults |
| depth of earthquakes | -shallow focus (70 kilometers) -immediate focus (70-300 km of earth' surface) -deep focus (700 kilometers beneath the surface) |
| fore-shocks | Vibrations caused by the growing stress on bedrock which are detected before the earthquakes occurs |
| snow slide | avalanche |
| the process of plunging lithosphere | subduction |
| this agent of erosion has the greatest impact | water |
| this rock forms when magma cools and hardens | igneous rock |
| this plate consists of the crust and the upper mantle | tectonic plates |
| forms when an oceanic plate sub ducts beneath a continental plate | trench |
| the primary factor that influences the rate of weathering of rocks | surface |
| first step in forming a sedimentary rock | weathering |
| this fault in California is know for earthquakes | San Andreas Fault |
| this valley is found between two ocean ridges | rift |
| made of minerals bounded together | rocks |
| What are the two types of surface waves? | Love (L) waves Rayleigh (R) waves |
| Where do earthquakes occur? | Epicenter and Fault |
| What boundary is it if the plates are already separated and going opposite directions of each other? | Divergent boundaries |
| What boundary is it if they are sliding over one another? | Convergent boundaries |
| What boundary is it if the plates are past each other? | Transform |
| Determined by particle size | texture |
| This soil layer is found in the A horizon | top (topsoil) |
| Example of continent-continent collision | Himalayas |
| What movement can predict volcanoes? | animal and bird |
| supercontinent | Pangaea |
| This type of logging increases soil erosion | clear cut |
Created by:
Achenry45
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