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Earth Science Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geocentric Theory | Places the earth at the center with the sun and the planets orbiting the earth |
| Ptolemaic Theory | Improvement on the geocentric theory, but still geocentric with an eccentric orbit |
| Eccentric | Off-center rotation; a circular path around an object located at a point other than the center of a circle |
| Retrograde Motion | The apparent backward movement of the superior planets caused by the difference in orbital speed between Earth and the planet being observed |
| Epicycle | Small loops in a planet’s motion |
| deferent | An imaginary crystal sphere surrounding the earth for each of the visible planets, the moon, the sun, all of which revolved around the earth |
| Heliocentric theory | The sun at the center, with the earth and other planets orbiting around it |
| Law of universal gravitation | Any two objects attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. |
| rotate | To spin on an axis that passes through the center of an object |
| axis | An imaginary line passing through the center of an object about which the object spins or rotates, earth’s is tilted at 23.5 degrees |
| revolution | The earth’s movement around the sun |
| inertia | The tendency of all objects in the universe to remain at rest if initially at rest or, if in motion to remain in motion in the same direction at a constant speed |
| Coriolis effect | The tendency of objects initially moving in a straight path over the earth’s surface to be deflected due to the earth’s rotation. |
| Foucalt pendulum | An instrument used to demonstrate that the earth rotates on its axis. |
| ecliptic | The apparent path of the sun among the stars. |
| Tropic of Cancer | The line of latitude at 23.5 degrees North. The sun’s northernmost overhead noon position at the summer solstice |
| Summer solstice | The day (about June 21) when the sun’s overhead noon position is the farthest north |
| equinox | Either of two days during a year when the sun’s noon position is directly above the equator, making day and night approximately equal in all places on the earth |
| Vernal equinox | The day that the sun’s overhead noon position crosses the equator (about March 21). |
| Autumnal equinox | The day that the sun’s overhead noon position crosses the equator (about Sept 22nd) as it moves southward. |
| parallax | An apparent shift in position of an observed object caused by a change in the point of observation. |
| Lunar calendar | A calendar with months that correspond to the length of the moon’s cycle |
| Lunisolar calendar | A calendar that takes into account both the solar year and the lunar month, making the necessary adjustments to keep the calendar in agreement with the seasons |
| Solar calendar | A calendar that is based on the solar year and ignores the lunar cycle |
| Leap year | A calendar in which one or more extra days is added to the calendar year to keep it in phase with the seasons. |
| orbit | The path defined by an object’s revolution |
Created by:
jrasmussenheritage
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