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Nutrition Ch.1
Ch.1 Linking food and health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition means? | The science that studies all aspects of food and its influence on our body and health |
| A calorie is a measure of _________ in food | the amount of fat |
| What are the primary energy sources for our bodies? | carbs and fats(most energy dense) |
| What is the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)? | Average daily intake of a vitamin or other food that meets 97-98% of healthy individuals in a particular group |
| Early nutrition research focused on? | Identifying and preventing diseases caused by dietary deficiencies |
| What vitamin deficiency caused fatal disease scurvy? | Vitamin C deficiency |
| What vitamin deficiency caused pellagra(skin rash, diarrhea and mental impairment)? | Niacin |
| What does chronic disease mean? | Diseases that come on slowly and persist for years, often despite treatment |
| Examples of chronic disease are? | Obesity, Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers |
| what is nutrigenomics? | uncovers the links between our genes, enviroments, and our diet |
| What is wellness? | A multidimensional, active process by which people make choices that enhance their lives. |
| National health promotion and disease prevention plan of the U.S. is called? | Healthy People (plan is changed every 10yrs) |
| 4 Goals of Healthy People | 1) lives free of disease,injury, disability and premature death 2) achieve health equity, get ride of disparities, and improve health of all groups 3) create social/physical environments promoting good health 4) promote life,healthy development,behaviors |
| Consuming a healthy diet contributes to our wellness how? | 1)supports our ability to perform activities of daily living 2)enhance concentration/mental tasks 3)strengthens us to fight infections 4)creates social experieces through shared cooking and eating |
| What is the primary link between poor nutrition and early death? | Obesity |
| What is Osteoporosis? | Brittle bones |
| What are the 6 nutrient groups? | 1) Carbs 2)Fats and Oil (2 types of lipids) 3) Proteins 4) Vitamins 5) Minerals and 6) Water |
| Organic means? (carbs, lipids, proteins, and vitamins) | A substance or nutrient that contains the elements carbon and hydrogen |
| Inorganic means? (minerals and water) | A substance or nutrient that doesn't contain the element carbon or hydrogen |
| What is a macronutrient? (carbs, fats and proteins) | Nutrients a body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health |
| Carbs and Proteins have ___ kcal per gram | 4 kcal per gram |
| Alcohol has ____ kcal per gram | 7 kcal per gram |
| Fats have ____ kcal per gram | 9 kcal per gram |
| Functions: Assist w/fluid regulation and energy; maintain health of blood and bones; rid body of harmful by-products of metabolism | Minerals (single elements: sodium,potassium, calcium or iron) |
| Functions: Supports tissue growth, repair, and maintenance Composed of: Amino acids made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen Sources: Meats;Dairy;Seeds;Nuts; Legumes | Proteins |
| Functions: Assist w/release of macronutrients; critical to building and maintaining bone,muscle, and blood, support immune function and vision | Vitamins (fat-soluble and water-soluble) |
| Carbohydrates (4kcal per gram) | Primary fuel source for our body, for the brain and physical exercise (made of: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) |
| Fats (9kcal per gram + insoluble in water) | An important energy source for our body at rest or during low intensity exercise |
| Protein (4kcal per gram) | Only macronutrient that contains nitrogen; the basic building block of proteins are amino acids |
| A form of lipid that our body can produce independently and it can also be consumed in the diet | Cholesterol |
| What are micronutrients? | Vitamins and Minerals; Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body funtions |
| 2 types of vitamins are? | fat-soluble and water-soluble |
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins? | D A K E; they aren't soluble in water but are soluble in fat - stored in the human body -toxicity occurs from consuming excess amounts, which accumulate in the body |
| Water-Soluble Vitamins? | C and B-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, b6, b12, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate); soluble in water -not stored to any extent in the human body -excess excreted in urine -toxicity only occurs as a result of vitamin supplementation |
| What MAJOR minerals are... Needed in amounts greater than 100 mg/day in our diet Amount present in the human body is greater than 5g (5,000mg) | calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfur |
| Trace minerals are... Needed less than 100mg/day in our diet | iron, zinc, copper, manganese, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, iodine |
| A set of nutritional refence values for the United States and Canada that applies to healthy people | DRI( Dietary Reference Intakes) -consist of EAR, RDA, AI and UL |
| Meets the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group; use it to calculate the RDA | Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) |
| Meets the requirement of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a group. YOU WANT THIS AMOUNT | Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) |
| Average daily intake level assumed to be adequate. AIM FOR THIS IF THERE ISNT RDA | Adequate Intake (AI) |
| Highest aveage daily intake level likely to pose no health risks. DONT EXCEED ON A DAILY ex: supplements | Tolerable Upper Intake level (UL) |
| DRI's RELATED TO ENERGY | AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) EER ( The Estimated Energy Requirement) |
| AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) recommended range of: 1) Carbs 2) Fat 3) Protein | 1) Carbs 45-65% 2) Fat 20-35% 3) Protein 10-35% |
| The average daily energy intake predicted to meet the needs of healthy adults | EER- Estimated Energy Requirement |
| What part of a food label is the primary tool for determining the healthfulness of the product? | Nutrition Facts panel |
| To maintain a healthful weight the Dietary Guidelines for American recommends? | increasing the level of physical activity and reducing the sedentary activities |
| Worlds largest leading medical research agency is the? | National Institutes of Health |
| Steps to the scientific method | observation-hypothesis-experiment-collect/analyze data-data doesn't suppose test again-repeat experiment- accept hypothesis- theory |
| What are epidemiological studies | Studies that examine patterns of health and disease in defined populations |
| What are the different types of research | 1) Animal 2) Epidemiological(explore patterns w/in pops) 3)Observastion 4)Case Control 5)Clinical trials cause/effect |
| What is CDC and it's meaning? | Center for Disease Control-The leading federal agency in the US that protects the health and safety of people |
| What is NIH? | National Institutes of Health- The worlds leading medical research center and the focal point for medical research in the US |
| What is a quackery? | The promotion of an unproven remedy, such as a supplement or other product or service, usually by someone unlicensed and untrained |
| Professional Organizations that provide reliable nutrition info (4 of them) | 1) Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2) *ASN* The American Society for Nutrition 3)*ACSM* The American College of Sports Medicine 4) *TOS* The Obesity Society |
| What is an RD (registered dietitian) | Qualified to provide nutrition counseling. |
| What is a double blind experiment? | Neither researchers nor participants know which group is really getting the treatment. |
| Placebo is... | Imitation treatment that has no effect on effect on participants |
| Epidemiological studies have 2 studies with in them; what are they? | 1)Epidemiological studies- read the book 2)Observation studies- read the book |
| Which following nutrients are inorganic? | Minerals |
| What nutrient contains nitrogen? | Proteins |
| An example of carbo-rich foods are? | wheat and lentils |
Created by:
CChanako
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