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bio vocab ch. 5
biology vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell | passive transport |
| the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density | diffusion |
| a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance | concentration gradient |
| in biology,a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space | equilibrium |
| the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution of a solute to a more concentrated solution of the solute through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent | osmosis |
| describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside the cell | hypotonic |
| describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell | hypertonic |
| describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell | isotonic |
| in protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure | contractile vacuole |
| the pressure that is exerted on the inside of a cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell | turgor pressure |
| the contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis | plasmolysis |
| the bursting of a cell | cytolysis |
| the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins | facilitated diffusion |
| a protein that transports subsances across a cell membrane | carrier protein |
| a complex of a protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass | ion channel |
| the movement of chemical substances, usually across a cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cell to use energy | active transport |
| a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell | sodium-potassium pump |
| the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell | endocytosis |
| a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; it forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell | vesicle |
| a method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids | pinocytosis |
| the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food | phagocytosis |
| a cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms | phagocyte |
| the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substances to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out | exocytosis |
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stephensfamily
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